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Chris Greier (FIBR program) noted that our project would need to focus on a fundamental biological principle to get funding from his program. Since our project extends beyond the field of biology Dr Greier suggested that I speak with Phil Taylor (Ooeanograohy). Phil Tavlor recommended that We submit bur rnultidisciplinary proposal to a cross-cutting NSF program such as Human and Social Dynamics or Biocomplexity and suggested that I speak with Tom Baerwald (Behavioral and Cognitive Science). In our phone conversation, Tom Baerwald provided me with some useful tips for submitting to one of the cross-cutting programs. He also explained how multidisciplinary proposals get reviewed at NSF. When I asked to arrange a site visit, he suggested that I instead email a 1-2 page summary to all relevant NSF program officers. As a result of Dr. Baerwald's suggestion, Dr. Pollnac, Dr. Forrester, and I prepared a 2-page summary of our project and submitted it to five program coordinators in social and natural science programs at NSF (Appendix 1). One of the program officers replied that our project "looks great for the next Human and Social Dynamics competition." Consequently, I researched that program and have been working with the URI research team to develop a proposal to be submitted Feb. 23 to NSF's Human and Social Dynamics competition. Contribution to Research Program By communicating with various funding organizations, 1 learned more about the types of projects that certain organizations will fund. For instance, if I planned to submit a proposal to the Packard or Pew Foundations, it would have to be more advocacy-based than our research project. 1 also learned more about NSF's programs, particularly its cross-cutting programs. ICHNKWKS €ј~TEXTTEXTž\FDPPFDPP`FDPPFDPPbFDPPFDPPdFDPPFDPPfFDPCFDPChFDPCFDPCjFDPCFDPClFDPCFDPCnFDPCFDPCpFDPCFDPCrFDPCFDPCtFDPCFDPCvSTSHSTSHxSTSHSTSHxPSYIDSYIDnxSGP SGP ‚xINK INK †xBTEPPLC Šx0ggested thatADVANCE INCENTIVE FUND AWARD Final Report Tracey Dalton, Marine Affairs Department Introduction In the spring of 2004,1 was awarded an ADVANCE Incentive Fund award for $6000. This award funded proposal development for a project investigating the multidisciplinary factors that influence the performance of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs consist of a portion of the ocean, including both water column and sediment, where some legal or regulatory mechanism limits or restricts human activities to protect the natural resources within. To understand the relationships among factors influencing MPA performance, multiple factors need to be examined. To conduct this interdisciplinary research, a team of researchers and practitioners with expertise in natural and social sciences has been assembled at URI. Because our team consists of multiple participants from various departments and organizations, it is critical to have one team member serve as contact person, coordinator of information, and lead proposal writer. With funding from the ADVANCE Incentive Fund program, I was able to serve in this capacity. Accomplishments and Outcomes In mid-July 2004,1 began researching potential funding organizations for our proposal. I contacted program coordinators at several organizations. Below, I describe the results of this communication. Packard Foundation Cathy Hess noted that Packard tends to fund projects with less of a research focus. She also noted that Packard is reluctant to fund new projects at this time. Pew Foundation Environment Program Charles Fox emailed that although the project "sounds like an impressive body of work," Pew tends to focus on projects directed toward a specific policy outcome. National Science Foundation At the National Science Foundation, I spoke witn addition, while working on this proposal, I have had the opportunity to develop stronger working relationships with URI researchers and Coastal Resources Center (CRC) practitioners. With my funding this summer, I was able to focus on this particular project for a considerable amount of time. Without this grant, we would probably not be prepared to submit a research proposal to NSF in February 2005. Problems As I mentioned above, I was encouraged by NSF program coordinators to communicate via email rather than arrange a site visit. After communicating with Joan Peckham at URI, I learned that I probably should have gone about arranging the site visit in a different manner. Next time I would like to meet with a program officer at a potential funding organization, I will heed Dr. Peckham's advice and not be so easily dissuaded from setting up a meeting. Budget Status To date, $5220 was spent on summer salary for myself and for the two co-Pis. Because I did not travel to NSF as originally planned, I was allowed to reallocate some funds in the budget. I ordered books ($481.89) that will help us to write the research proposal. As recommended by the ADVANCE committee, I will make sure that these books are available to all participants on the research team. Appendix 1. UNDERSTANDING LINKAGES AMONG ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE PROTECTED AREAS Background and rationale Successful ecosystem management requires an understanding of the interactions between coupled ecological and human social systems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) provide an excellent case study for the analysis of these interactions. Marine protected areas have been promoted around the world as a tool for comprehensively managing human activities in particular areas of the ocean. MPAs consist of an area where some legal or regulatory mechanism limits or restricts human activities to protect natural marine resources. MPAs provide an alternative to traditional resource management measures that regulate individual activities and/or protect specific components of marine ecosystems (i.e. limitations on fishing days; regulations on oil tanker hull construction). Due to their spatial nature, MPAs can simultaneously influence multiple activities, stakeholders, and governing institutions that impact resources within a designated site. They may also limit disturbance to organisms and natural cycles within entire ecosystems. Since traditional, sectorally-based marine management measures have often failed to prevent negative impacts to marine resources, MPAs have been receiving increased attention from practitioners and researchers around the world as a viable management mechanism. Although many MPAs have been designated worldwide, and new MPAs are being established at an increasing rate, there has been little assessment of the factors influencing the performance of existing MPAs. Because MPAs are a comprehensive, spatially-based management tool, measures of their performance span multiple disciplines (e.g., biodiversity [ecology], fish harvests [economics], level of compliance with MPA rules [political science], stakeholder perceptions of empowerment [psychology]) (Pomeroy et al. 2003). There is also a suite of additional factors that influence these various measures of MPA performance, which also span the ecological and human systems associated with a site, and include the dynamic interactions among components of these systems. Research on MPAs has tended to focus on a limited set of indicators of MPA performance and a few of the factors that influence MPA performance. Usually, MPA studies cover only a single discipline, which in most cases has been ecology (Agardy et al. 2003; Christie et al. 2003). To gain a more complete understanding of a MPA's overall performance, multiple factors related to both ecological and human systems must be considered. In addition, linkages among these factors must be identified to develop a more accurate understanding of how humans interact with the environment (Rolling 2000; Turner 2000; Nature and Society 2000). Objectives1 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " We propose to extend current research on the natural and human systems associated with marine protected areas by examining relationships among a range of ecological, demographic, social, cultural, economic, and political measures of MPA performance. We will explore the following major questions: Ћ What are the relationships among multi-disciplinary measures of MPA performance? (e.g. do reserves that function well ecologically, provide economic benefits?) " What environmental, political, social, cultural, and economic factors best explain the success and failure ofMPAs? " How do factors that operate at different spatial and temporal scales affect the performance ofMPAs? (e.g. how does biodiversity within reserves depend on local reserve features vs. broad-scale environmental disturbance?) Approach In our study, an integrated team of natural scientists, social scientists, and practitioners will conduct a survey of at least thirty MPAs in the wider Caribbean to understand the dynamic relationships among factors that influence MPA performance. The wider Caribbean is an ideal study area, because within a manageable area, it contains many MPAs that are set in a broad array of environmental, political, economic, cultural, and social conditions. This integrated team will spend several days together at each MPA site, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods to collect a set of comparable data on multidisciplinary indicators of MPA success and factors that that influence MPA performance. Our multi-site approach provides a useful complement to the "case study" approach commonly used in studies ofMPAs, because it will allow us to use multivariate statistical methods to organize and simplify relationships among dependent and independent variables and to develop predictive models of MPA performance (Pollnacetal. 2001). Significance A comprehensive analysis of MPA performance, both in human and ecological terms, will provide valuable information about how to design and manage MPAs. It will also allow us to develop and field-test a set of simple, cost-effective indicators of MPA performance for use by managers and practitioners. Research team The integrated research team consists of Dr. Richard Pollnac, professor and anthropologist in the Anthropology and Marine Affairs Departments at URI; Dr. Graham Forrester, associate professor and aquatic ecologist in the Natural Resources Science Department at URI; Dr. Tracey (Morin) Dalton, assistant professor and marine policy scientist in the Marine Affairs Department at URI; Brian Crawford, coastal resources manager at the RI Coastal Resources Center and doctoral student in the Marine Affairs Department at URI; Pamela Rubinoff, coastal resources manager at RI Coastal Resources Center; and a team of undergraduate and graduate students. References Agardy, T., P. Bridgewater, M, Crosby, J. Day, P. Dayton, R. Kenchington, D. Laffoley, P. McConney, P. Murray, J, Parks. 2003. Dangerous target"? I Itirosolved issues and idcologica1 clashes around marine protected are35 Aquftic ron*erv<tt.ioij M<(, ',:-.!" and. FrrJwrm.-! EcoSVMoalS. .' " -!- " ,.,.'', Christie, P., B. McCay, M Miller, C 1 owe, A. White, R Stoffle, D Fluharty. I... McManus, R Chuer.pagdee. (.:. Pomcroy, D Suman, B, Blounl D. Huppert, R. Eisma, K Lowry, E Oracion. R Pollnac, 2003. Human dimensions-marine protected areas social science agenda. Fisheries. 28( 12):22-27 Moiling, C.S 2000. Theories for sustainable futures. Conservation Ecology. 4(2):7 Nature and society: An imperative for integrated environmental research. (lsweb.la.asu.edu/akinzig/report.htm, accessed 26 July 2004) Pollnac, R., B.Crawford, M.Gorospe. 2001. Discovering factors that influence the success of community-based marine protected areas in the Visayas, Philippines. Ocean & Coastal Management, 44:683-710. Pomeroy, R., J. Parks L. Watson, 2003 How is your MPA doing? !UCN World Commission on protected areas. Turner, R, 2000. Integrating natural and socio-economic science in coastal management. 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