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Biological Sciences (BIO)
Chairperson: Professor Goldsmith
100 Topics in Biology (3)
Introduction to major concepts in biology through in-depth study of individual topics. Topics will vary by semester and instructor. Designed for nonmajors. Topics listed in registration catalog. (Lec. 3) May not be repeated. Not open to students with credit in 103 or 104.
101 Principles of Biology I (4)
Chemistry, structure, metabolism, and reproduction of cells. Principles of genetics. Structure, development, and physiology of animals. Survey of the animal kingdom. (Lec. 3, Lab. 2) (N)
102 Principles of Biology II (4)
Structure, physiology, and reproduction of plants. Diversity of plants, fungi, and algae. Principles of ecology and evolution. (Lec. 3, Lab. 2) Pre: 101.
103 Topics in Biology with Recitation (3)
Introduction to major concepts in biology through in-depth study of individual topics. Designed for nonmajors. Recitation illustrates or extends lecture. Topics listed in registration catalog. (Lec. 2, Rec. 1) May not be repeated. Not open to students with credit in 100 or 104.
104 Topics in Biology with Laboratory (3)
Introduction to major concepts in biology through in-depth study of individual topics. Designed for nonmajors. Laboratory illustrates or extends lecture. Topics listed in registration catalog. (Lec. 2, Lab. 2) May not be repeated. Not open to students with credit in 100 or 103.
A Biology of Plants SFlbB General Animal Biology
105 Biology for Daily Life with Laboratory (3)
Basic biological principles needed to understand contemporary issues in biology, for example, forensic biology, cloning, genetic engineering, reproductive technologies, “alternative” medicine, biodiversity, habitat alteration, and endangered species. Designed for nonmajors. (Lec. 2, Lab. 2) (N)
106 Biology for Daily Life with Recitation (3)
Basic biological principles needed to understand contemporary issues in biology, for example, forensic biology, cloning, genetic engineering, reproductive technologies, “alternative” medicine, biodiversity, habitat alteration, and endangered species. Designed for nonmajors. (Lec. 2, Rec. 1) (N)
107 Plant Biology Seminar (1)
A seminar series offered by faculty, graduate students, and visiting professionals for the purpose of acquainting students with career opportunities provided by the plant biology program. (Seminar)
121 Human Anatomy (4)
Elementary anatomy of the organ systems, studies with the aid of charts, models, and predissected specimens. (Lec. 3, Lab. 3) Open to B.A. biology, B.S., biological sciences, physical education, dental hygiene, nursing, pharmacy, pre-physical therapy, clinical lab science, dietetics and biomedical engineering majors only.
130 Topics in Marine Biology (1)
Current and classical issues considered in small classes. Designed for students interested in marine biology. (Seminar) Pre: Limited to marine biology majors. Required of all freshmen marine biology majors and students entering the major with fewer than 24 credits. May not be repeated.
141 Introduction to the Biology of Marine Animals (3)
Environmental adaptations, physiology, and behavior of marine animals. Description of methods of study of marine animals. (Lec. 3) Pre: open to freshmen only or by permission of instructor. Not for major credit for B.A. Biology, B.S. Biological Sciences, or B.S. Marine Biology. In alternate years.
201 General Animal Physiology (3)
Basic principles of physiology with emphasis on cellular and membrane mechanisms. Topics include bioenergetics and metabolism, enzymes, respiratory functions of blood cells, osmoregulation, bioelectricity and motility, cellular responses to humoral stimuli. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: two semesters of biological sciences and one semester of chemistry recommended.
203 Introduction to Evolutionary Genetics (3)
The genetic basis of evolutionary change. Topics of the origin, maintenance, and significance of genetic variation. The Darwinian revolution. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: two semesters of biological sciences.
205 Animal Diversity (3)
Survey of animal groups with emphasis on invertebrate forms, laboratory dissections, observations, and experiments. Occasional field trips. Lectures stress progressive specialization of structures and their functions. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3)
206 Population and Community Dynamics (3)
Principles of population and community dynamics from mathematical perspective. Topics include population growth, species interactions, optimal foraging strategy, niche theory, natural selection. Laboratory sessions incorporate use of natural selection, use of computers, problem solving, and population growth in Tribolium and Daphnia, competition and predation. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3)
242 Introductory Human Physiology (3)
Functions of the organ systems of the human body and their coordination in the whole human organism. Attention is given to the needs of students preparing for health-related professions. (Lec. 3) Pre: 121. Not open to students with credit in 442.
244 Introductory Human Physiology Laboratory (1)
Mechansms of physiological processes are illustrated by experiments on vertebrate animals. (Lab. 3) Pre: credit or concurrent enrollment in 242.
262 Introductory Ecology (3)
Structure and function of ecosystems, limiting factors, population dynamics, population interactions, and community relationships. Selected habitats and general ecological effects of humans. (Lec. 3) Pre: 104A, 104B, 101, 102 or equivalent.
286 Humans, Insects, and Disease (3)
Role of insects, ticks, and mites as vectors and as direct agents of diseases in humans; factors affecting the spread of these diseases and their role in our cultural development. (Lec. 3) Not for major credit for B.S. in biological sciences. (N)
301 Physiological Experiments (3)
Methods of investigating physiological problems in the laboratory. Topics and techniques will be presented briefly, then employed in an individual laboratory project. (Lab. 6) Pre: any four of 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 302.
302 Animal Development (3)
Descriptions and analyses of developmental changes in animals based on experimentally derived principles. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 101,102, and two additional semesters of biological sciences; genetics recommended.
304 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4)
Anatomy of chordates emphasizing functional and evolutionary diversity. Lecture focuses on morphological variation and evolution. Laboratory focuses on comparative anatomy through dissections and models. (Lec. 3, Lab. 3) Pre: 101 and 102 or equivalent.
311 Plant Structure and Development (4)
Structure of vascular plant cells, tissues and organs. cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling developmental processes including cell division, leaf initiation, epidermal patterning and vascular differentiation. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 102 or permission of instructor.
321 Plant Diversity (3)
Representative forms of prokaryotes, algae, fungi, bryophytes, and vascular plants with emphasis on evolution, ecology, and life cycle. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 102 or permission of instructor.
323 Field Botany and Taxonomy (4)
Collection, identification, and study of vascular flora of Rhode Island, including use of manuals and herbarium specimens. Field trips throughout Rhode Island. Discussion of principles, methods, and data used in classification. (Lec. 2, Lab. 4) Pre: 104A or 102.
327 Vertebrate Histology (3)
A study of the normal microscopic organization of the cells and tissues that compose the organ systems of vertebrates. An introduction to histochemical and cytochemical methods is included. (Lec. 3) Pre: one year of biological sciences and one semester of organic chemistry.
329 Vertebrate Histology Laboratory (1)
A detailed study in the laboratory of prepared microscope slides of cells and tissues of vertebrates. (Lab. 3) Pre: credit or concurrent enrollment in 327.
331 Parasitology (3)
Structure, life cycles, ecology, and economic relationships of the parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods. Origin and biological significance of parasitism and host-parasite relationships. Encompasses experimental laboratory work on life cycles of selected species and collection and identification of local parasitic forms including those from the marine fauna. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: two semesters of biological sciences.
332 (or PLS 332) Plant Pathology (4)
Nature, cause, and control of plant diseases. Use of basic techniques for identification of major types of plant diseases and their causal agents. (Lec. 4) Pre: 102 or permission of instructor.
334 Physiology of Exercise
See Kinesiology 334.
335 Physiology of Exercise Laboratory
See Kinesiology 335.
341 Principles of Cell Biology (3)
An introduction to the structure and organization of eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranes and organelles, gene expression, protein synthesis and secretion, energy utilization, the cytoskeleton and signal transduction. (Lec. 3) Pre: one semester of biological sciences and one semester organic chemistry.
345 Marine Environmental Physiology (3)
The physiological basis of adaptation to the marine environment. Physiological methods adapted to marine plants and animals. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: Two semesters of biological sciences.
346 Plant Physiology (3)
Development and function of vascular plants, including energy and nutrient assimilation, growth, reproduction, and interactions with other organisms and the physical environment. (Lec. 3) Pre: 102, one semester of chemistry, or permission of instructor.
348 Plant Physiology Laboratory (1)
Laboratory methods in plant physiology, including experimental design and reporting. Techniques include water potential measurement, chromatography, spectrophotometry, enzyme assay, tissue culture, bioassay, protein extraction, and gel electrophoresis. (Lab. 3) Pre: 346, may be taken concurrently.
350 (or GEO 350) Evolution (4)
Introduction to evolution as the unifying thread in the biosphere. Processes and patterns discussed, including microevolution and macroevolution. Social impact of evolution discussed from a biological perspective. Pre: GEO 102 or one semester of biological sciences, or permission of instructors.
352 (or BCH 352) Genetics (3)
Fundamental concepts of inheritance and variation in plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. Methods of recombination, the process of mutation, gene structure, and function. (Lec. 3) Pre: 101 and 102 or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit in AFS 352 (or PLS 352).
354 Invertebrate Zoology (4)
Study of the origin and evolutionary relationship of the invertebrate animals. Emphasis on marine forms. Laboratory sessions include comparative study of selected examples and field trips to local environments. (Lec. 2, Lab. 4) Pre: 101 and 102.
355 Marine Invertebrates of Southern New England (3)
Collection and identification of marine invertebrates of southern New England. Emphasis on field and laboratory studies. Student collection will incorporate video photography. (Lab. 6) Pre: 101 and 102 or permission of instructor.
360 Marine Biology (4)
The nature of plants and animals of the sea. Diversity of species and adaptations to habitats from the sea surface to the depths of the ocean. (Lec. 3, Lab. 3) Pre: 101, 102.
366 Vertebrate Biology (3)
Life histories, adaptations, ecology, classifications, and distribution of vertebrate animals. Laboratory and extensive field work on local vertebrates. (Lec. 2, Lab 3) Pre: 262 recommended.
385 Introductory Entomology
See Entomology 385.
386 Introductory Entomology Lab
See Entomology 386.
396 Biology and Society (2)
A seminar course dealing with the impact of biological discoveries on societal questions and with the social influences that affect biological discovery. Discussion of original papers, magazines, newspaper articles, and books about various discoveries. (Seminar) Pre: three courses in biology (including current enrollment) or permission of instructor.
397, 398 Colloquium in Biological Sciences (0 each)
Introduction to modern scholarly work in biology. Lectures by visiting and resident scholars, with questions from the audience. Expected of students enrolled in the biology honors program. (Lec.) Pre: Open to biological sciences majors only. S/U only.
418 Ecology of Marine Plants (4)
Ecology, development, and physiology of marine algae and higher plants. Topics include competition, herbivory, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and growth. (Lec. 3, Lab. 3). Pre: 102, 262 or permission of instructor. Alternate years.
432 Mycology: Introduction to the Fungi (4)
Structure, development, cytology, distribution, and identification of fungi, with consideration of their importance in industry, medicine, plant disease, and organic decomposition. (Lec. 2, Lab. 4) Pre: 104A or 102; 321 recommended.
437 (or BCH 437) Fundamentals of Molecular Biology (3)
Biochemical basis of heredity as seen through the structure and function of nucleic acids. Includes DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, and gene organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Current methods emphasized. (Lec. 3) Pre: MIC 211, BIO 352, and BCH 311, or permission of instructor.
441 Environmental Physiology of Animals (3)
The dynamics of the interaction of animal functions with the environment. Emphasis on quantitative study of physiological adaptations to environmental fluctuations. (Lec. 3) Pre: 201 or equivalent.
442 Mammalian Physiology (3)
Intensive study of the physiological mechanisms that regulate the animal body and its organ systems. Emphasis on knowledge obtained from experimental physiology. Class discussion of applied physiology. (Lec. 2, Rec. 1) Pre: one semester each of anatomy and physiology courses or permission of instructor.
444 Experimental Physiology (1)
Introduction to non-invasive research methods in physiology. Emphasis on experimental design, recording and analyzing data, and use of laboratory notebooks in writing for publication. (Lab. 3) Pre: one semester each of anatomy and physiology courses or permission of instructor.
445 Endocrinology I (3)
Comparative approach to the endocrine regulation of the organism and to the molecular basis for hormone action. (Lec. 3) Pre: BCH 311 or equivalent and BIO 201 or 242 or equivalent. In alternate years.
446 Introduction to Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology (3)
Basic principles of excitable cell function. Emphasis will be on cellular and membrane mechanisms as they relate to behavior (Lec. 3) Pre: an animal physiology course; one semester of calculus, physics, or biochemistry is strongly recommended or permission of instructor. Next offered spring 2006. Not for graduate credit.
451 (or BCH 451 or MIC 451) Laboratory in Cell Biology (1)
Analysis of subcellular processes, structures, and molecules using techniques including gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometry ultracentrifugation, and protein purification. Topics range from analysis of gene expression to subcellular localization of enzymatic activity. (Lab. 2) Pre: concurrent enrollment in 453 (or MIC 453) or permission of instructor.
453 (or BCH 453 or MIC 453) Cell Biology (3)
Structure, replication, and function of eukaryotic cells at subcellular level. Topics considered include cell membranes, cytoplasmic organelles and nuclei, cell division, cellular differentiation, and methods. Emphasis on recent publications. (Lec. 3) Pre: two semesters of biological sciences, BCH 311, junior standing, or permission of instructor.
454 (or BCH 454) Genetics Laboratory (3)
Principles of classical and molecular genetics using microorganisms as well as higher plants and animals. Experimental techniques include human chromosome preparations, screening for growth requirements in microorganisms, mutagenesis, gel electrophoresis, and nucleic acid hybridization. (Lab. 6) Pre: 352. In alternate years.
455 Marine Ecology (3)
Investigation of the structure and dynamics of various marine ecosystems. Includes mineral cycling, energy flow, community and population organization, and behavioral ecology in selected marine environments. (Lec. 3) Pre: 262 or permission of instructor.
457 Marine Ecology Laboratory (1)
Field and laboratory work on community relationships of dominant organisms in Rhode Island marine environments. (Lab. 3) Pre: concurrent enrollment in 455. Limited to 15 students.
458 Freshwater Ecology (4)
Interactions among physical, chemical and biological processes that affect distribution and abundance of freshwater organisms (Lec. 3, Lab. 3) Pre: 206 or 262 and one semester of chemistry.
460 Advanced Population Biology (3)
An extension of the seminal views of Fisher, Wright, Haldane, Volterra, and Lotka on the biology of populations, especially in the areas of genetics, ecology, and demography. (Lec. 3) Pre: MTH 131 and 132 or 141 and 142.
465 Biology of Algae (4)
Taxonomy, morphology, and evolution of all major algal divisions. Laboratory/field component focuses upon taxonomic identification of both live and preserved microscopic and macroscopic algal species. (Lec. 3, Lab. 3) Pre: 102. Alternate years.
467 Animal Behavior (3)
Ethology and sociobiology of animals. Topics in the control and development of behavior patterns, orientation in time and space, social behavior, and behavioral ecology. (Lec. 3) Pre: two semesters of zoology; 206 or 262 recommended.
469 Tropical Marine Invertebrates (5)
Systematic survey of tropical invertebrates. Emphasis on examples from Bermuda’s marine environment. Laboratory includes field collections, identification and preparatory techniques for taxonomic studies. (Practicum, Lab. 8) Taught in Bermuda. Pre: 101 and 102, junior standing, snorkeling experience.
475 Coral Reef Ecology (5)
Structure and function of coral reef ecosystems with emphasis on the biology of corals. Laboratory sessions focus on field surveys and research techniques. (Practicum, Lab. 8) Taught in Bermuda. Pre: 262 and junior standing; SCUBA certification required.
491, 492, Independent Biological Research (1-3 each)
Individualized laboratory, field or literature research projects. May be repeated for a total of 6 credits. Pre: Open only to undergraduates on arrangement with staff. S/U only
495 Tropical Marine Biology Research (6)
Independent marine research in Bermuda. Topics may include marine ecology, physiology, systematics, etc. Proposal, oral report and project paper required. (Practicum, Lab. 12). Taught in Bermuda. Pre: Junior standing 475, 469.
501 Systematic Zoology (3)
Study of animal diversity, including theories of biological classification with special focus on phylogenetic systematics, species concepts, and interpretation of taxonomic publications. (Lec. 3) Pre: 262 and 352. In alternate years.
505 Biological Photography (3)
Application of scientific photography to biological subjects, living and prepared. Photomacrography. Principles of photography as applied to the specialized needs of biological research and publication. (Lec. 1, Lab. 5) Pre: permission of instructor.
508 (or BCH/MIC/AFS/AVS/NRS/PLS 508) Seminar in Biological Literature (1)
Survey of biological literature including traditional methods of bibliographic control, contemporary information retrieval services, and the development of a personalized information system. (Lec. 1) Pre: graduate standing or permission of the instructor.
511 Special Readings in Developmental Plant Anatomy (3)
Intensive tutorial work, research, and reading on ontogeny of plant structures and morphogenetic mechanisms. (Independent Study) Pre: graduate standing and permission of instructor. Concurrent audit of 311 required. Offered on demand.
513 Functional Morphology (3)
Advanced study of the evolution and biological role of organismal structure with critical evaluation of recent research in functional morphology with an emphasis on vertebrates. (Lec. 3) Pre: 304 or 366 recommended. Graduate standing
515 Light Microscopy Research Methods (4)
Introduction to optical techniques and biological specimen preparation for light microscopy with emphasis on application of these methods in biological research. Topics include: optics, embedding and sectioning, fluorescence and immunocytochemistry, and computer image analysis. (Lec. 1, Lab. 6) Pre: graduate standing or permission of instructor.
521 Recent Advances in Cell Biology
See Microbiology 521.
522 (or BCH 522) Plant Molecular Biology (4)
Analysis of gene expression in plants including topics such as choloroplast DNA, mitochondrial DNA, transgenic plants, and symbiotic genes. Laboratory includes cloning, restriction mapping, and hybridization. Emphasis on research literature. (Lec. 2, Lab. 4) Pre: 352, BCH 311, or permission of instructor. In alternate years.
524 Methods in Plant Ecology (3)
Methods in analysis of vegetation and microenvironments. Emphasis on quantitative techniques in analysis of vegetation, soil, and microclimate; techniques in physiological ecology. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 102 and 262 or equivalent; STA 412 recommended. In alternate years.
531 Advanced Parasitology Seminar (2)
Advanced topics in the host-parasite relationships of protozoan and metazoan parasites. Reading knowledge of one foreign language assumed. Topics vary from year to year. (Lec. 2) Pre: 331 or equivalent.
536 Seminar in Plant Stress Physiology (1-2)
Readings, discussion, and analysis of current literature with emphasis on biochemical and genetic aspects of responses. Students electing two credits will write review papers. (Seminar) Pre: one course in plant physiology and one course in biochemistry. In alternate years.
541 Comparative Physiology of Marine Animals (3)
Comparison of physiological mechanisms by which animals maintain life with emphasis on marine invertebrates. Responses to external environment mediated by receptors, nervous systems, effectors. Living control systems for muscular activity and circulation. (Lec. 3) Pre: one physiology course. In alternate years.
545 Endocrinology II (3)
Molecular basis of hormone action and evolution of regulatory systems. (Lec. 3) Pre: graduate standing and one course in physiology and one course in biochemistry at the college level. In alternate years.
546 Introduction to Neurobiology (2)
Fundamental processes in neurobiology with emphasis on cellular and membrane mechanisms of nerve functioning. (Lec. 2) Pre: 201 and MTH 141. In alternate years.
547 Laboratory in Electrophysiological Techniques (2)
Introduction to methods of extracellular and intracellular electrophysiology of excitable tissues. (Lab. 4) Pre: credit or concurrent enrollment in 546. In alternate years.
549, 550 Advanced Topics in Neurobiology (3 each)
Published papers in selected aspects of neurobiology will be discussed. Representative topics include role of Ca++, c-AMP in the nervous system, gating currents learning at the cellular level, cellular rhythmicity. (Seminar) In alternate years.
551 Seminar in Aquatic Botany (1)
Readings and discussion on current research involving algae and other aquatic plants. (Seminar) Pre: permission of instructor. May be repeated.
560 Seminar in Plant Ecology (2)
Recent topics and investigations pertinent to plant ecology. Library research, oral presentation of reports, and group discussions. (Seminar) Pre: 262 or equivalent or permission of instructor. May be repeated.
561 Behavioral Ecology (3)
The interaction of animal behavior, ecology, and evolution. Topics include predator-prey relationships, resource partitioning, competition, territoriality, and reproductive behavior. Term project required. (Lec. 3) Pre: a course in animal behavior and a course in ecology. In alternate years.
562 Seminar in Behavioral Ecology (1)
Special topics in the relationships between animal behavior and ecology, such as social organization of animals, evolution of behavior, competition, and habitat selection. Discussion and presentation of individual reports. (Seminar) S/U only.
563 Ichthyology (3)
Fishes of the world. Their structure, evolution, classification, ecology, and physiology. Emphasis on local marine and freshwater fauna. Several field trips. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 202 or 204 and 466.
564 Elasmobranch Biology (3)
Sharks, skates, rays and chimeras of the world. Their structure, evolution, classification, ecology and physiology. (Lec. 3) Pre 204 or 466. Graduate standing or permission of instructor.
566 Herpetology (3)
Biology of recent orders of amphibians and reptiles; emphasis on adaptations and evolution, world faunal relationships past and present, current systematic problems. Selected herpetological material in laboratory, field trips. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 202 or 204 or permission of instructor.
567 Natural Selection (3)
Ideas and controversies concerning the action of natural selection. Maintenance of genetic variability, neutral mutation, levels of selection, recombination and sexual reproduction, and rates of evolution. (Lec. 2, Lab. 3) Pre: 262 and 352 or 206 or permission of instructor.
568 Ornithology (2)
Biology of birds with emphasis on the role of birds in biological research. Areas covered include systematics, evolution, physiology, ecology, and behavior. Discussion of current topics in ornithology. (Lec. 2) Pre: 466 or permission of instructor.
570 Field Biology of Fishes (3)
Selected field problems in fish biology, including distribution and diversity, habitat segregation, reproduction, and natural movements. Emphasis on freshwater and diadromous populations. (Lec. 3) Pre: 563 or permission of instructor. Limited to 10 students, with preference given to graduate students and senior biological sciences majors.
572 (or ENT 586) Medical and Veterinary Entomology (3)
Life history, classification, habits, and control of insects and other arthropods affecting human and animal health. Topics will include public health significance, vector-parasite interactions, and survey and research methodologies. (Lec. 1, Lab. 4) Pre: 331 or 381 or equivalent. In alternate years.
573 (or BCH 573) Developmental Genetics (3)
An examination of animal and plant model systems incorporating concepts of cell biology, physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating patterns of organismal development. (Lec. 3) Pre: introductory courses in genetics development, biochemistry, or molecular biology preferred.
579 (or BCH 579) Advanced Genetics Seminar (1)
Current topics in genetics, including cytological, ecological, molecular, physiological, population, quantitative, and radiation genetics. (Seminar) Pre: 352 and permission of instructor.
581, 582 Biological Sciences Colloquium (1 each)
Invited talks on selected research topics in selected areas related to biology. Required of graduate students majoring in biological sciences. (Seminar). Pre: graduate standing in the department of Biological Sciences. S/U credit
587 Seminar in Neurobiology (1)
Current literature in the neurosciences will be surveyed. Topics include molecular and behavioral electrophysiology, ultrastructure of excitable cells, receptor and pharmacological neurobiology of invertebrates and vertebrates. (Seminar) Pre: graduate standing or one advanced neuroscience course.
591, 592 Independent Biological Research (1-6)
Individualized laboratory, field or literature research projects. May be repeated for a total of 6 credits. Pre: Graduate standing required, permission of instructor. S/U
593, 594 Special Topics in Biological Sciences (1-6)
Selected areas pertinent to needs of individuals or small groups. Class, seminar or tutorial. Topics may include the following: biomechanics, cell biology, ecological morphology, functional morphology, ichthyology, molecular biology, morphology and mechanics, physiology, plant cell development and zoology. May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.
599 Master’s Thesis Research
Number of credits is determined each semester in consultation with the major professor or program committee. (Independent Study) S/U credit.
641, 642 Seminar in Physiology (1-3 each)
Reports and discussions on topics of current research in physiology. Subject matter adapted to meet interests of and students. (Seminar) Pre: permission of instructor.
654 Seminar in Ichthyology (2)
Reading, library research, reports, and class discussion on problems of current research interest in the biology of fishes. (Seminar) Pre: 563 or permission of instructor. In alternate years.
661 Phytoplankton Taxonomy
See Oceanography 661.
663 Phytoplankton Physiology
See Oceanography 663.
664 Phytoplankton Ecology
See Oceanography 664.
666 Biology of Metamorphosis (3)
The evolutionary, ecological, and physiological regulation of metamorphosis and related life-history events in diverse taxa. (Seminar) Pre: graduate standing and 541 or 545 or 567 or 573.
668 Biology of Reproduction in Animals (3)
Evolution of sexual reproduction, neuroendocrine signals, and behavioral controlling mechanisms in diverse phyla. (Lec. 3) Pre: 545, 561, or 567.
675 Advanced Ecology Seminars (2 each)
Specialized and advanced areas of ecological research and theory, including biogeography, Pleistocene ecology, population dynamics, energy flow in ecosystems, and radiation ecology. (Seminar) Pre: permission of instructor.
679 Animal Communication
See Oceanography 679.
691 Biological Problems (1-6)
Special work to meet the needs of individual students who are prepared to undertake special problems. (Independent Study) Pre: permission of chairperson. Open only to doctoral students.
695 Graduate Seminar (1)
Students to give seminar reports on their thesis research. Topics may also include professional development subjects, such as grant writing, presentation techniques, resume writing, etc. (Seminar) Pre: graduate standing. S/U credit. May be repeated for credit, but only 2 credits may be applied to the program of study.
699 Doctoral Dissertation Research
Number of credits is determined each semester in consultation with the major professor or program committee. (Independent Study) S/U credit.
930 Workshop in Biology Topics for Teachers (0-3)
Especially designed for secondary school science teachers. Basic topics in biology from an advanced or pedagogical perspective. (Workshop) Pre: teacher certification.
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