Bio 101 Practice for Final Exam        December 14, 2011

 

  1. Biology could best be described as the study of:
    1. Living things                                                               c. Evolution    
    2. Evolutionary relationships among organisms              d. Plants and animals

 

  1. One theme that unites ALL of biology is:
    1. Cellular respiration                              c. Complexity
    2. Evolution                                            d. Systematics

                                   

  1. The basic units of life are:
    1. Atoms             b. Organisms               c. Genes                      d. Cells

 

  1. Which of these is NOT a carbohydrate?
    1. Glycogen         b. Starch                      c. Cellulose      d. Triglycerides          

 

  1. The most important macromolecule in living things in terms of functioning as enzymes and structural components is:
    1. Proteins           b. Lipids                      c. Carbohydrates         d. Nucleic acids

 

  1. Which is NOT a property of water that has important consequences for living organisms?
    1. Polarity            b. Hydrogen bonds     c. Peptide bonds         d. Ionization  ability

     

  1. The repeating units that make up proteins are:
    1. Glucose        b. Phospholipids             c. Fatty acids                d. Amino acids

                    

  1. Which is true of the movement of water across cell membranes?
    1. Always occurs down a concentration gradient
    2. Usually involves carrier proteins
    3. Almost always occurs into cells rather than out of cells
    4. Both a & c

 

  1. The pH of any solution refers specifically to:
    1. How acidic it is                                   c. The concentration of H+ ions         
    2. How alkaline it is                                d. Its buffering capacity

 

  1. Which is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
    1. Single chromosome with DNA not enclosed in nucleus
    2. Diversity of organelles
    3. Cellular membrane structure of lipid bilayer
    4. Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

 

  1. Many properties of water that are important in biology arise from interactions of multiple water molecules in the form of:
    1. Electromagnetic fields                        c. Ionic bonds
    2. Peptide bonds                                     d. Hydrogen bonds

 

  1. Small molecules and those that are lipid soluble usually move into and out of cells by:
    1. Diffusion                                             c. Active transport                 
    2. Facilitated transport                            d. Secondary active transport

 

  1. Ammonia (NH3) is formed as a waste product of some foods because ____ in these foods are broken down during digestion.
    1. Proteins           b. Nucleic acids           c. Lipids          d. Both a & b

 

  1. The organelle that is the site of protein synthesis:
    1. Ribosome        b. Smooth ER             c. Golgi apparatus       d. Nucleus      

 

  1. The most important element in terms of forming important biological macromolecules is:
    1. Hydrogen        b. Water                      c. Oxygen                    d. Carbon

 

  1. The most important component of cell membranes in terms of determining the structure and permeability characteristics of cells are:
    1. Microtubules   b. Cholesterol     c. Glycolipids                       d. Phospholipids

 

  1. Cells that are formed during meiosis and that have only ½ the chromosome number of parent cells are:
    1. Alleles             b. Clones            c. Gametes                            d. Mutations

 

  1. A set of chromosomes that are closely matched in size and shape, and which were derived from different parents are known as:
    1. Chromatids     b. Alleles            c. Homologous pairs            d. Genes         

 

  1. The phase of cellular respiration that yields the most energy is:
    1. Glycolysis       b. Fermentation           c. Krebs cycle              d. Electron transport  

                       

  1. Segments of DNA that code for the synthesis of individual proteins are known as:
    1. Chromosomes       b. Chromatids       c. Traits                       d. Genes

 

  1. The site of the majority of energy producing reactions in animal cells are:
    1. Golgi apparatus        b. Mitochondria       c. Chloroplasts      d. Ribosomes

 

  1. Metabolic reactions that occur inside of cells are specific & efficient largely because:
    1. Of the role that water plays in these reactions
    2. Most occur in only one direction
    3. They are catalyzed by enzymes
    4. They yield large amounts of energy                           

 

  1. Which is true of genetic disorders?
    1. Cannot be found as recessive alleles               c. Rarely affect proteins
    2. Cannot be treated with current technology    d. Often lead to cancer

 

  1. Some individuals in a population are heterozygous for a particular trait.  This means that they have:
    1. The same exact traits as one of their parents
    2. Two different versions of a gene on the same chromosome
    3. Two alleles or versions of a gene
    4. The same type of genes in all of their cells

 

  1. Which best describes the key to DNA storing the genetic information of an individual?
    1. The order of the repeating sugar and phosphate subunits
    2. The type of tRNA that matches with the DNA sequence forming a gene
    3.  The sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides
    4. The ability of the DNA to mutate

 

  1. An individual produced by fertilization of gametes receives genetic material from both parents and for any particular trait may be:
    1. Homologous                                                    c. Heterozygous
    2. Homozygous                                                   d. Either b or c

 

  1. The type of RNA that copies information stored in DNA for synthesis of proteins:
    1. Transcription RNA                             c. Transfer RNA
    2. Messenger RNA                                 d. Ribosomal RNA

 

  1. Which is true of mutations?
    1. All mutations are expressed in the phenotype of the organism with the mutation
    2. All mutations represent some change in the DNA of the affected organism
    3. All mutations are passed on from an individual to its offspring
    4. All are true

 

  1. The ability of organisms to synthesize organic molecules through photosynthesis results from:
    1. The fact that energy is stored in photons of light
    2. Their possession of pigments that absorb light
    3. Transfer of energy to a form stored in electrons
    4. All of these

 

  1. Some of the energy acquired in glycolysis and most of the energy acquired in the Krebs cycle is transferred to the electron transport system in the form of:
    1. ADP                b. ATP             c. NADH        d. FAD           

 

  1. A type of cell division that results in the production of genetically identically cells:
    1. Mitosis      b. Meiosis        c. Fertilization       d. Mutation       

 

  1. A form of a gene that results in a specific version of a specific trait is:
    1. An allele                                           c. A sister chromatid
    2. A heterozygous                                d. Impossible     

 

  1. The energy currency of cells is:
    1. ADP       b. Creatine phosphate       c. ATP       d. Glucose

 

  1. Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells are referred to as:
    1. Nucleic acids                                                   c. Amino acids
    2. Nucleotides                                                     d. Enzymes

 

  1. Although energy occurs in many forms it is not utilized to do work in cells except as:
    1. Glycogen                                                         c. NADH and FADH2
    2. Amino acids                                                    d. ATP

 

  1. The type of cellular respiration carried out in all cells, even simple bacteria:
    1. Glycolysis                                                       c. Krebs Cycle
    2. Electron transport system                               d. Calvin Cycle

 

  1. During the dark phase of photosynthesis:
    1. Light energy is converted to chemical energy
    2. ATP is produced in the mitochondria
    3. Carbohydrates are broken down
    4. ATP produced during the light phase is used to assemble carbohydrates

 

  1. The type of RNA that brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis is:
    1. Transcription RNA                             c. Transfer RNA
    2. Messenger RNA                                 d. Ribosomal RNA

 

  1. Animals that feed using rows of fused cilia and sticky, filamentous tentacles:
    1. Comb jellies    b. Crabs                    c. Jellyfish          d. Sea cucumbers      

 

  1. Which is NOT a characteristic associated with all reptiles?
    1. Skin with horny scales                        c. Amniotic egg
    2. Four heart chambers                            d. Muscles for ventilation using lungs

 

  1. Which applies to the respiratory system of insects?
    1. Very similar to terrestrial fishes
    2. Rely almost exclusively on diffusion of gases across the skin
    3. Consists of antennal glands for increased surface area
    4. Tracheal system brings air in close contact with circulatory system

 

  1. Which development was extremely important for vertebrate animals to be able to live away from water?
    1. Amniotic eggs                                                 c. Well developed kidneys
    2. Skin capable of retaining water                      d. All of these

 

  1. Which is true of marine bony fishes?
    1. Constantly losing water to the external environment
    2. Excrete large amount of excess water through their gills
    3. Must conserve salts
    4. All of these

 

  1. Each animal group is very successful in the marine environment EXCEPT:
    1. Mollusks          b. Echinoderms           c. Dinoflagellates        d. Insects

 

  1. The water vascular system is associated with locomotion and gas exchange in:
    1. Echinoderms               b. Jellyfish       c. Earthworms             d. Bony fishes

 

  1. Which is NOT a general characteristic shared by all chordates?
    1. Notochord                               c. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
    2. Vertebrae                                d. Pharyngeal gill slits

 

  1. Which is an example of a marsupial?
    1. Platypus          b. Spiny anteater         c. Aardvark                 d. Kangaroo

 

  1. All animals have some type of tissues with the EXCEPTION of:
    1. Rotifers           b. Amoeba                   c. Jellyfish                   d. Sponges

 

  1. A major advancement in the lungs of mammals that is not present in lungs of lower vertebrates:
    1. Development of many muscles and structures involved in ventilation
    2. Moving air into lungs by force
    3. Diffusion of gases across the skin as well as the lungs
    4. Two lobes

 

  1. Humans are anthropoid primates along with all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. Old world monkeys    b. Apes            c. Gorilla         d. Lorises                   

 

  1. Reproduction in cartilaginous fishes is similar to much more advanced vertebrates in terms of:
    1. Internal fertilization                            c. Placental nourishment of embryos
    2. Live birth                                            d. All of these

 

  1. The glomerulus, renal tubules and capillaries are all associated with:
    1. Malphigian tubules                              c. Water vascular systems
    2. Gas exchange                                      d. The vertebrate kidney

 

  1. The mollusk group that is advanced in terms of their nervous and circulatory systems and their level of activity is the:
    1. Gastropods      b. Cephalopods           c. Chelicerata              d. Lophophorates

 

  1. One of the main functions of systems such as respiratory, circulatory and excretory systems in animals is:
    1. Water balance         b. Thermoregulation     c. Homeostasis   d. Energy acquisition

 

  1. By far the most successful chordate group in terms of number of species:
    1. Insects             b. Mammals                 c. Bony fishes             d. Reptiles

 

  1. The double circulation and two-cycle heart of birds and mammals were important advancements because:
    1. Allowed delivery of large amounts of oxygen to sustain high metabolic rates
    2. Blood can be oxygenated in gills much more rapidly
    3. They generate much less heat
    4. They led to the development of hair and feathers

 

  1. Animals are classified into similar groups on the basis of all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. Occurrence in similar environments                            c. Developmental patterns
    2. Body plans                                                                  d. Evolutionary history

 

  1. Which has NOT contributed to the tremendous success of insects?
    1. Deuterostome body cavity development                    c. Jointed appendages
    2. Chitinous exoskeleton                                                 d. Segmented body

 

  1. Fish have ___ heart chambers.
    1. 1                      b. 2                              c. 3                  d. 4                 

 

  1. One of the major evolutionary advances necessary for invasion of land by animals:
    1. Skeleton of bone                                             c. Advanced sensory systems
    2. Well developed excretory system                   d. Cephalization

 

  1. Which is NOT a mollusk?
    1. Barnacle          b. Snail            c. Squid           d. Oyster        

 

  1. A major reason why platyhelminthes can supply oxygen to all tissues in their bodies despite lacking well developed respiratory and circulatory systems is that:
    1. They are flat                                        c. They have a coelom
    2. They are highly active                         d. They are all parasitic

 

  1. A ___________ is a deuterostome animal and a __________ is a protostome.
    1. Flatworm / Human                              c. Starfish / Snail
    2. Wasp / Roundworm                            d. Spider / Rotifer

 

  1. One of the major structural differences between the heart of reptiles and birds is:
    1. Complete separation of two ventricles in birds         
    2. A pulmonary circulation in birds only
    3. Double stranded heart valves in birds                       
    4. Only 2 heart chambers in reptiles

 

For questions 65-70 choose from the following invertebrate animal groups.

a. Mollusks        b. Cnidarians          c. Flatworms           d. Arthropods  

 

  1. Have three tissue layers, but lack a coelom

 

  1. Most have a radula

 

  1. Skeleton of chitin

 

  1. Possess specialized stinging cells called nematocysts

 

  1. Radial symmetry

 

  1. Usually have life cycle that includes medusa and polyp stages

 

For questions 71-75 choose from the vertebrate groups below.

a. Bony fishes       b. Cartilaginous fishes            c. Reptiles           d. Amphibians          

           

  1. Water balance involves storage of urea in blood and muscle

 

  1. Amniotic egg and usually three heart chambers

 

  1. Contains the most primitive lungs

 

  1. Many are live bearers (they have live birth)

 

  1. Skin covered with horny scales