Bio 101 Final Exam                                                        Name: ____________________________

December 12, 2008

You must turn in both this exam and your answer sheet

 

On your answer sheet make sure you include these three things:

1.      Write your name on the front of the answer sheet

2.      Fill in your Last Name and First Name in the bubbles on the back of the answer sheet.

3.      Fill in your student ID in the bubbles under “Identification number”.

 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


  1. Biology is best described as the study of:
    1. Relationships between organisms                   c. Living things
    2. Genetics and evolution                                   d. Energy transformations

 

  1. All of these are characteristics of living things EXCEPT:
    1. Cellular organization            b. Interaction            c. Reproduction    d. Complexity

 

  1. All of these are properties of water that have important consequences for living organisms EXCEPT:
    1. Polarity            b. Hydrogen bonds     c. Peptide bonds         d. Ionization ability

 

  1. Water has many thermal properties that are important for sustenance of life.  These thermal properties are generally related to:
    1. The large amount of energy required to change the temperature or state of water.
    2. The effort required to push water into or out of cells by active transport.
    3. Breaking water into its atomic components of protons and electrons
    4. Formation of water in organisms as a result of hydrolysis reactions

 

  1. Which best describes important biological macromolecules?
    1. They all consist of a structure based on carbon.
    2. The amount of each macromolecule is highly variable among living things.
    3. The mechanism for synthesis of each macromolecule is highly variable among living things.
    4. They all contain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.

 

  1. Which set of macromolecule / characteristic is incorrect?
    1. Proteins / accounts for the largest proportion of macromolecules
    2. Lipids / most are soluble in water
    3. Carbohydrates / many are made of repeating glucose subunits
    4. Nucleic acids / all contain nitrogen and phosphate

 

  1. You discover a single-celled, photosynthetic, organism that has a membrane bound nucleus.  Based on your extensive knowledge of biology you correctly identify this organism as belonging to:
    1. Ancient bacteria                                              c. True bacteria
    2. Some type of plant-like fungi                         d. A protist

 

  1. Proteins are composed of chains of:
    1. Nucleic acids                           c. Amino acids
    2. Fatty acids                              d. Peptase acids

 

  1. Which is NOT true of prokaryotic cells?
    1. Found in protists                     c. Contain RNA, ribosomes and proteins
    2. Contain DNA                         d. Simple structure with few internal parts

 

  1. Which organelle is involved with energy transformations?
    1. Ribosomes                               c. Mitochondria
    2. Golgi bodies                            d. Lysosomes

 

  1. Which organelle is involved with protein synthesis?
    1. Ribosomes                               c. Mitochondria
    2. Golgi bodies                            d. Lysosomes

 

  1. Which of these molecules is LEAST likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion?
    1. Glucose           b. O2                c. CO2             d. Water

 

  1. The most important component of cell membranes for enabling a semi-permeable nature is:
    1. Cholesterol                  c. Glycoproteins embedded on the membrane surface
    2. Phospholipids              d. Carrier proteins that move water into and out of the cell

 

  1. An important component of cell membranes for maintaining fluidity of the membrane is:
    1. Cholesterol                  c. Glycoproteins embedded on the membrane surface
    2. Phospholipids              d. Carrier proteins that move water into and out of the cell

 

  1. Charged ions such as Na+ and K+ are continuously transported in large quantities across the cell membrane of many many cells.  Such substances are transported as a result of:
    1. Diffusion         b. Osmosis                   c. Facilitated transport                        d. Active transport

 

  1. Which is NOT true of enzymes in relation to cellular metabolism?
    1. Many different enzymes are involved
    2. Each biochemical reaction involves a different enzyme
    3. Most enzymes bind to any number of substrates
    4. Enzymes increase the efficiency of energy capture

 

  1. Enzymes work as catalysts by lowering energy of activation for a reaction.  This means that:
    1. They add energy to a reaction
    2. A reaction involving an enzyme requires an input of less energy for the reaction to occur
    3.  The reaction will occur as long as the necessary enzyme is present
    4. All reactions involving enzymes release at least some energy as heat

 

  1. Energy is produced, stored, used and transported within all organisms in the form of:
    1. ATP                                         c. Phosphate
    2. Nucleotides                             d. NADPH

 

  1. Many metabolic pathways involve nucleic acid molecules that act as carriers to deliver short-term storage forms (that are not used to do work in cells) of chemical energy from one pathway to another.  An example of such a molecule is:
    1. ADP                b. NAD+          c. FAD+           d. both b & c

 

  1. Life is referred to as a “combustion process” because of similarities between cellular oxidation of metabolic fuel and burning of a combustible fuel.  One such similarity is:
    1. Production of oxygen
    2. Breaking of chemical bonds in reactions that involve a catalyst
    3. Very slow release of energy through many biochemical steps
    4. Burning of ATP for release of energy

 

  1. The key to synthesis of ATP in the electron transport system in cellular respiration is:
    1. Electrons being boosted to a higher energy state by light
    2. Production of ATP in glycolysis under aerobic conditions
    3. Production of NADPH during the Krebs cycle
    4. Establishment of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane

 

  1. In cellular respiration oxygen is consumed in ___ and carbon dioxide is produced in ___.
    1. Krebs cycle/Electron transport system
    2. Electron transport system/Glycolysis
    3. Glycolysis/Electron transport system
    4. Electron transport system/Krebs cycle

 

  1. Which is true of photosynthesis?
    1. Carbohydrates are synthesized during the dark cycle
    2. ATP is synthesized during the light cycle
    3. Chlorophyll is responsible for production of oxygen
    4. All are true

 

  1. Which is NOT a form in which energy is stored either temporarily or long-term during photosynthesis?
    1. Carbon dioxide                                                                                   c. ATP
    2. Electrons boosted to a high energy level by photons of light             d. Sugar

 

  1. Which is a correct statement?
    1. Genes make up the structure of DNA
    2. DNA contains as many as 46 different chromosomes
    3. DNA makes up genes and part of chromosomes
    4. A single chromosome usually has several versions (alleles) of the same gene

 

  1. A gene is:
    1. One form of an allele
    2. A physical trait within an organism
    3. A chain of amino acids that may or may not be expressed
    4. A segment of DNA that contains information for synthesizing a protein

 

  1. Which is true of homologous chromosomes?
    1. They are exactly identical but come from different parents
    2. They separate during the first phases of mitosis
    3. They may be homozygous or heterozygous chromosomes
    4. None of these is true

 

  1. Which statement about DNA and RNA is true?
    1. Both are double strands of nucleotides
    2. Both are made of repeating nucleotide subunits
    3. Both contain the same nitrogenous bases
    4. Both serve the function of long-term storage of genetic information

 

  1. Which is true of all gametes or haploid cells?
    1. Formed during meiosis
    2. Formed during mitosis
    3. Genetically identical to the parent cell in every case
    4. Genetically identical to all other gametes formed by the parent cell

 

  1. The role that transfer RNA plays in protein synthesis can be described as:
    1. Providing a template for synthesis of mRNA
    2. Transferring information contained in DNA from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm
    3. Transferring information stored in nucleotide sequences to amino acid sequences
    4. Providing physical platform where protein synthesis can occur

 

  1. Which is true of DNA replication?
    1. Occurs prior to meiosis but prior to mitosis only in eukaryotic cells
    2. Accomplished with the aid of ATP synthase
    3. Usually takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
    4. Involves splitting DNA molecules into two strands

 

  1. The only source of new genetic material (genes) into a population is:
    1. Immigration of new individuals                     c. Natural selection
    2. Crossing over during meiosis                          d. Mutations

 

  1. Some individuals in a population are heterozygous for a particular trait.  This means that they have:
    1. The same exact traits as one of their parents
    2. Two different genes for the exact same trait
    3. Two alleles or versions of a gene for that trait
    4. The same type of genes in all of their cells

 

  1. Which best explains control of gene expression?
    1. Because of meiosis certain genes are only found in certain cells of an organism
    2. All genes are expressed, but to different degrees
    3. Only certain genes are expressed under certain conditions
    4. Each gene is only expressed during certain phases of the life of an organism

 

  1. Two individuals that visibly show a dominant trait are crossbred.  Two offspring produced also show the dominant trait.  You can correctly conclude:
    1. Both parents are heterozygous for that trait
    2. One parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous
    3. Both parents are homozygous for the dominant trait
    4. You don’t have enough information to determine the exact genotype of either parent 

 

  1. Which best describes stem cells?
    1. Cells that have differentiated into many different types
    2. Cells that have an undetermined fate
    3. Cells that remain in the same state as the immature individual begins to mature
    4. During development the potential fates for these cells constantly increase

 

  1. Many human diseases result from:
    1. Genetic disorders        b. Mutations                c. Altered proteins      d. All of these

 

  1. Cancer is essentially:
    1. Uncontrolled cell division
    2. Certain types of cells robbing other cells of nutrients
    3. A mass of cells that forms as a result of a genetic mutation
    4. Destruction of existing and healthy cells at the hands of invading pathogens

 

  1. The classification system currently used to organize the diversity of living things:
    1. Is essentially the same as it was 200 years ago
    2. Relies solely on evolutionary relationships
    3. Reflects a combination of shared characteristics and evolutionary history
    4. Was a good idea but it is not very useful unless you are a taxonomist

 

  1. Binary fission, plasmids and conjugation are all associated with reproduction in:
    1. Bacteria           b. Protista                    c. Flat worms              d. Insects

 

  1. Algae is grouped into the kingdom:
    1. Bacteria           b. Protista                    c. Plantae         d. Animalia

 

  1. All animals have some type of tissues EXCEPT:
    1. Rotifers           b. Amoeba                   c. Jellyfish                   d. Sponges

 

  1. All of these animals have a true body cavity EXCEPT:
    1. Flatworms       b. Starfish                    c. Earthworms             d. Clams

 

  1. One of the major functions of circulatory systems is to deliver oxygen to respiring tissues.  Delivery of oxygen in invertebrates with advanced circulatory systems is increased through:
    1. High metabolic rates that use a great deal of oxygen
    2. Having an open circulatory system so too much pressure does not build up
    3. Development of acute sensory systems
    4. Pigmented proteins such as hemocyanin

 

  1. Homeostasis most often works through _____ in living things:
    1. Negative feedback                              c. Positive feedback
    2. Positive reinforcement                        d. Circular control

 

  1. Although blood may not seem like a tissue, it is a group of cells performing similar functions and meets the criteria of a tissue.  Blood is a type of ____ tissue.
    1. Epithelial         b. Connective              c. Muscle                     d. Nervous

 

  1. The type of tissue that usually lines tracts that pass through the body and is often involved in secretion and absorption of substances is _____ tissue.
    1. Epithelial         b. Connective              c. Muscle                     d. Nervous

 

  1. Muscle tissue contracts and results in movement because ____ are sliding past one another within the muscle cells.
    1. Cell membranes           b. Muscle fibers           c. Protein filaments     d. Mitochondria

 

  1. The presence of four separate heart chambers was an important advancement because:
    1. It allowed amphibians to invade land
    2. Oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood are completely separated in the heart
    3. The blood can flow the heart in two different directions instead of just one
    4. It allows the heart to be smaller and still do more work

 

  1. Which is NOT a characteristic of the heart of a fish?
    1. Two heart chambers aligned one after the other
    2. Blood is oxygenated in the gills
    3. Blood returns to the heart from the gills
    4. Blood flows slowly through the gills for maximum gas exchange

 

  1. In open circulatory systems blood flows out of the blood vessels into the body cavity, but fluid makes its way back into blood vessels and back to the heart.  This is accomplished by:
    1. The body fluids being filtered and reabsorbed by kidney-like structures
    2. Being pumped back into pores under high pressure generated by the heart
    3. Entering the heart through valves or being collected in veins
    4. This fluid does not make its way back to the heart, but is replaced by new blood

 

  1. Which is characteristic of closed circulatory systems?
    1. Blood moves under relatively high pressure
    2. Blood moved by pumping of heart
    3. Flow of blood to each organ is finely regulated
    4. All of these

 

  1. Which is true of gills?
    1. Respiratory structure found in most aquatic organisms
    2. May be either external or internal
    3. Folding and branching provide very large surface area for gas exchange
    4. All of these

 

  1. Which is NOT a major function of the circulatory system?
    1. Manufacture of blood cells                 c. Protection against disease
    2. Transport of nutrients                         d. Regulation of body temperature

 

  1. If you were a URI Bio 101 section 02 student attending class the day before Thanksgiving, you would have been one of ___ students in class that day.
    1. 165                  b. 175                          c. 186                          d. 191

 

  1. Hair cells are associated with which system?
    1. Reproductive    b. Nervous     c. Excretory                 d. Respiratory

 

  1. Exchange of gases across respiratory surfaces is accomplished by:
    1. Simple diffusion        b. Facilitated diffusion       c. Active transport     d. Osmosis

 

  1. When you take a deep breath and inhale, the lungs fill as a result of:
    1. Air flowing down a pressure gradient from the higher pressure atmosphere outside the body into the lower-pressure lungs
    2. The capacity of your thoracic cavity expanding due to contraction of the muscles between your ribs and contraction of your diaphragm
    3. Air being forced into your lungs in a similar manner that frogs use to fill their lungs
    4. Both a & b

 

  1. Although animals exchange gases with the external environment and gas exchange occurs between blood and tissues, the use of oxygen by mitochondria as an electron receptor occurs in:
    1. External respiration     b. Internal respiration      c. Cellular respiration        d. Aeration

 

  1. Small sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs of vertebrates:
    1. Vestibule         b. Bronchi                   c. Alveoli                     d. Trachea

 

  1. Excretory organs of marine animals are often less developed than freshwater or terrestrial animals.  This is most likely because:
    1. The marine environment is less similar to the internal composition of the animal than freshwater or air
    2. The marine animals are smaller and have less room for excretory organs
    3. The bodies of freshwater and terrestrial animals are usually much more segmented
    4. Marine and freshwater animals do not have to worry about water conservation as much as terrestrial animals

 

  1. Which is true of freshwater bony fishes?
    1. Produce urine more concentrated than their body fluid
    2. Excrete a semi-solid waste
    3. Challenge is to conserve salts and ions
    4. All of these

 

  1. The functional unit of the vertebrate kidney is the:
    1. Nephron          b. Renalary                  c. Arterioles                 d. Nematocyst

 

  1. Echinoderms lack well developed respiratory or circulatory systems and yet they exchange gases and distribute gases and nutrients throughout their bodies.  This is accomplished by their:
    1. Nematocysts               b. Nephridia                c. Gills             d. Water vascular system

 

For questions 65-68 match the animal below with the excretory structure that it possesses

 

            a. Mosquito                      b. Earthworm            c. Snake                      d. Lobster

 

  1. Nephridia B
  2. Antennal gland D
  3. Malphigian tubules A
  4. Kidney C

 

  1. Formation of urine in the vertebrate kidney includes the following steps EXCEPT:
    1. Concentration             b. Reabsorption           c. Filtration                  d. Secretion

 

  1. Asexual reproduction can involve all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. Budding                      b. Fertilization             c. Fragmentation         d. Parthenogenesis

 

  1. One advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in animals is that:
    1. Sexual reproduction is more fun
    2. Sexual reproduction is faster
    3. Sexual reproduction is easier to achieve
    4. Sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity

 

  1. Most organisms that reproduce sexually have some type of reproductive cycle such as annual or lunar cycles.  These reproductive cycles are most likely related to:
    1. Synchronizing reproduction among individuals within a population
    2. Maximizing the number of eggs or sperm produced
    3. Reducing the occurrence of infertility
    4. Optimizing the number of reproductive events that occur in the daytime

 

  1. Animals that have both male and female reproductive organs are called:
    1. Transgenders               b. Hermaphroditic       c. Drag animals           d. Homeostatic

 

  1. Sensory receptors:
    1. Transduce the energy of a stimulus into electrical signals
    2. Produce internal environmental stimuli
    3. Produce a small amount of energy on a continual basis
    4. Convert chemical energy to stimulus energy

 

  1. If you were a good guesser like Kimberly Pognon you could have won $80 by guessing _____ gumballs in the container.
    1. 838                  b. 971              c. 1017                        d. 1203