Give five examples why biology is relevant to your everyday life.
What are five properties that are shared by all living things?
Describe cellular organization, energy transformations, maintenance of the internal environment, reproduction, growth and change over time in respect to living things.
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What is the scientific method?
Describe each of the following components of the scientific method: observation, questioning, hypothesis, testing, and explanation.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
What stage of the scientific method generally occupies the majority of a scientist’s time?
Explain why it is easier to disprove something than to prove it.
Explain why the study of chemistry is important for understanding biological processes.
Describe the role of carbon in biologically important molecules.
What four broad groups of molecules comprise most of living things?
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? Lipids? Proteins? Nucleic acids?
Which macromolecule usually accounts for the largest proportion of organic matter in living things?
What do carbohydrates contain?
What are the major functions of carbohydrates?
What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
Give examples of carbohydrates that are important in living things.
What characteristic is common to all lipids?
What are the major functions of lipids?
What are the major groups into which lipids are classified?
Describe the relationship between amino acids and proteins.
What are the major functions of proteins?
What are nucleic acids made of?
What are the three components of nucleotides?
Describe the structure and resulting physical characteristic of an individual water molecule.
What characteristics of water result from the polar nature of water molecules?
Describe how water molecules interact with other water molecules.
What properties of water important for life result from hydrogen bonds?
Explain cohesion, surface tension, and water density.
What thermal properties of water (resulting from H-bonds) are important for life?
What macromolecules are found in food?
What does digestion of food involve?
In what form are the major macromolecules absorbed across the intestinal membrane?
What happens to macromolecules once they are absorbed by an organism?
How are carbohydrates absorbed in the intestine?
How are lipids absorbed in the intestine?
Describe the composition of fatty acids in lipids.
What are saturated, unsaturated, monosaturated and polysaturated fats?
How do foods that contain saturated fats differ from foods that contain unsaturated fats?
What are trans fats? What are hydrogenated fats? Why are people concerned about consuming too much trans fat?
What are omega 3 oils? Why do people want to eat foods rich in omega 3 oils?
What are essential fatty acids?
How are proteins absorbed in the intestine?
Chapter 4 - Cells
Describe how cells are the basic unit of life.
Describe the variety of cells found in living things.
Characterize prokaryotic cells. What organisms have prokaryotic cells?
Contrast eukaryotic cells with prokaryotic cells.
What organisms have eukaryotic cells?
Describe the cytoskeleton of cells.
What is cytoplasm?
Into what three major functional groups may organelles be classified?
Which organelles process information? Manufacture substances? Process energy?
Chapter 5 – Cell Membranes and Transport
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
Describe the structure of phopholipids and explain the resulting arrangement phospholipids within the cell membrane.
What is the “fluid mosaic model”?
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis.
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is active transport?
What methods of transportation of substances across cell membranes require/do not require energy?
Explain how membranes are more than just a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell.
Describe how membranes are dynamic.