Marine Biology - Bio 360 - Study Guide for the Final Exam

Coastal Ecosystems

How do humans interact with continental shelf ecosystems?

What features characterize continental shelf habitats?

What are the major environmental determinants of the structure of benthic communities in continental shelf waters?

How do waves, currents, light, and sediments influence organisms found in continental shelf waters?

What are the characteristics of hard bottom communities in continental shelf waters?

What are the characteristics of kelp forest communities in continental shelf waters?

What are the characteristics of rocky reef communities in continental shelf waters?

What are the characteristics of soft bottom communities in continental shelf waters?

What is the neritic province?

Describe productivity in neritic waters.

Describe consumers and food webs in neritic waters.

The Deep Sea

What is the deep sea?

Why is there so little known about the deep sea?

What conditions are characteristic of the deep sea?

How do deep-sea organisms deal with extreme cold and high pressure conditions of the deep-sea?

How are the eyes of deep-sea animals adapted for life in the dark?

What is the tapetum lucidum?

Where does energy in the deep sea come from?

How does low biomass influence the composition of deep-sea communities?

How does low biomass influence metabolic rate, growth rate, and locomotion of deep-sea animals?

How can deep-sea animals increase light matter and decrease dense matter to improve their buoyancy capabilities?

What are hydrothermal vents?

How is energy transformed to living things in hydrothermal vent communities?

Polar Ecosystems

Describe the major characteristics of polar ecosystems.

What is the typical polar animal like?

Compare Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems.

Compare productivity and trophic characteristics of Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems.

What kinds of mammals are typical in the Arctic?

What characteristics do these mammals tend to have in relation to life in polar regions?

How do polar bears thermoregulate?

What kinds of birds are typical in the Arctic?

What characteristics do these birds tend to have in relation to life in polar regions?

What kinds of mammals are typical in the Antarctic?

What characteristics do these animals tend to have in relation to life in polar regions?

What kinds of birds are typical in the Antarctic?

What characteristics do these birds tend to have in relation to life in polar regions?

How do penguins thermoregulate?

How do Antarctic fishes able to tolerate such cold water?

Ocean Resources

How has human exploitation of marine resources changed over the years?

What are the main problems with the way that humans utilize marine resources?

What kinds of marine organisms are utilized by humans?

What are clupeoid fishes? What are gadoids?

Describe typical tuna fisheries.

What major fishing areas are there in the ocean?

What information is necessary for improved management of marine resources?

What information about populations is useful for managing them?

What limits are there to expanded exploitation of marine resources?