• Ph.D., 1968, University of Connecticut
• M.S., 1966, University of Connecticut
• D.V.M., 1962, Cornell University
• B.S., 1955, Cornell University

We work in the area of aquatic animal histopathology and immunity, with special reference to lesions associated with environmental degradation. Most recently, we have investigated the use of macrophages in fish as biomonitors of both fish and environmental health. We are presently developing a peritoneal pagocyte assay in hybrid striped bass to evaluate. 1. fish health and 2. the effect of antigen exposure on non-specific immunity. Routinely we conduct diagnostic procedures for university, governmental and industrial clients. From these cases come tissues for teaching which relate well to disease problems presently facing aquaculture ventures.

• Wolke, R. E. et al.. 1985. Preliminary evaluation of the use of macrophage aggregates (MA) as fish health monitors. Bull. Environ. Cont. and Toxicol. 35:222-227.


• Murchelano, R. A. and R. E. Wolke. 1985. Epizootic carcinoma in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Science 228:587-589.


• Wolke, R. E. 1992. Piscine macrophage aggregates: A review. In:Fish Immunology and Immunopathology (Faisal and Hetrick, Eds). Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 2:91-108. Pergamon Press, NY.