Julie Graham
is professor of economic geography at the University of
Massachusetts Amherst. Under the pen name J.K.
Gibson-Graham, she co-authored with Katherine Gibson
The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist
Critique of Political Economy (Blackwell 1996),
which challenges the usual vision of capitalism as the
dominant and only viable form of economy. Since the
publication of that book she has been engaged in
research, activism and teaching on the subject of local
and alternative economies. Her research team is
involved in action research in the U.S., Australia and
the Asia Pacific region, with the goal of constructing
community economies in the face of globalization.
Synopsis
Constructing the Community Economy in
the Face of Globalization
Globalization is supposed to mean the end of economic
self-determination for local communities. Their options
are few, according to the experts: either adjust to the
demands of the global economy or consign yourself to
economic backwardness and privation.
This talk offers examples of communities that have
achieved economic well-being on their own terms, and
outlines the strategies that have produced their
success. We’ll look at the famous Mondragon
cooperatives in the Basque region of Spain, the
women-owned cooperatives in Kerala, India, and
community-oriented capitalism in Western Massachusetts,
among other examples. All of these initiatives
participate in both local and world markets, with the
goal of generating employment, empowerment and
investment funds to capitalize more community-based
businesses in their localities.
The second part of the talk focuses on the even more
unorthodox economic development strategy of meeting
local needs directly, rather than by generating
employment and wages. We look at enterprises and
organizations involved in health care, housing and food
security that create economic well-being through local
non-market activities. We see that many supposedly
deprived or depressed regions are actually sites of
abundance, leading to a revisioning of "economic
development." In conventional terms, development
involves bringing in outside investment and
transforming the local economy to meet the demands of
globalization. In this alternative vision development
involves people recreating themselves and their
communities as they recognize and build on the wealth
they are already producing locally.