APA format for ICS

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APA=20 = Guidelines

Formatting Submissions
=95 Manuscripts = should be in the=20 most recent edition of Microsoft Word possible. If you do not = have=20 access to Microsoft Word, we will consider accepting papers = formatted as=20 HTML or PDF files.
=95 APA style: Authors should prepare = manuscripts=20 according to the Publication Manual of the American = Psychological=20 Association, 5th Edition. All copies must be double-spaced. = Please=20 follow all instructions for typing and for the formatting of = tables,=20 figures, references, metrics, and abstracts provided in the = Publication=20 Manual. Manuscripts that do not conform to these standards will = not be=20 accepted.
=95 A separate title page listing all of the = authors, their=20 contact information, and a brief biography (title, highest = degree=20 earned, degree granting institution, current = institution/affiliation)=20 should be included with each copy of the manuscript.
=95 = Footnotes and=20 tables/graphs/pictures: Please format all figures in HTML. All=20 footnotes, tables, graphs, pictures, etc. should be included at = the end=20 of the piece.
=95 References should be cited according to the = most=20 recent APA guidelines. (See examples provided.)
=95 = Manuscripts may be=20 copyedited for bias-free language. (See explanation).

Appendices Requirements for Publication =
=95=20 Submitting a manuscript to ICS means that you agree not to = submit the=20 same paper concurrently to another publication.
=95 All = references and=20 citations will be checked upon acceptance.

The Process of Publication
=95 Accepted pieces = will be=20 published in the next issue of ICS.
=95 ICS generally = publishes 2=20 issues per volume, and 1 volume per year.
=95 Because ICS is = funded by=20 IAICS membership fees, membership in the association is a = requirement=20 for publication.

APA Style Checklist

If the article being submitted is theoretical in nature, = it=20 should broadly follow APA organizational methods(abstract, = headings,=20 references, etc.). Theoretical papers, essays and commentaries = should=20 leave out the methods and results sections. Instead, appropriate = headings and subheadings should be used depending on the=20 methodology/argument. An introduction describing the area of = study and=20 background information should be included, along with headings = relevant=20 to the article.

However, if the paper describes empirical research, it must = follow=20 APA format and be organized into the following sections: = abstract,=20 introduction, methods, results, discussion and references.

=95 The abstract is normally a paragraph consisting of a = brief overview=20 of the study, including information from the introduction and = the=20 results.
=95 The introduction explains the background of the = study at=20 hand, including previous research related to the study. This = information=20 gives the reader a better understanding of why the current study = is=20 being conducted, as well as a background of the information = itself.=20
=95 The methods section describes the data collection = process, and=20 consists of three different parts: participants, procedure, and=20 apparatus (if applicable). The participants subsection describes = the=20 population being studied, the statistics of the group (ages, = percent=20 male and female, etc). The procedure subsection introduces = measures used=20 during the study and describes how these measures are utilized. = For=20 example, a study may use behavioral assessments and tests of = children=92s=20 vocabulary ability. If this is the case, each assessment should = be=20 introduced and explained. The apparatus subsection describes any = type of=20 equipment used within the study.
=95 The results section = describes in=20 detail the outcome of the study. Quantitative research should = include=20 effect size and statistical significance. This section normally = consists=20 of statistics, percentages, and mean scores, giving a specific = account=20 of the outcome of the assessments (or any other measures used). =
=95=20 The discussion section takes the information from the results = section=20 and explains how and why it is important, as well as what future = implications the study may have. This can extend to general = principles,=20 or it may be something extremely specific. The study may also = provide=20 the necessity for future research in the field.
=95 The = reference=20 section takes all works that were cited within the paper and = puts them=20 in alphabetical order, according to a specific format defined by = APA.=20 This will be further explained next.

References

=95 Citation throughout a paper includes the author=92s = last name and=20 the year of publication. The citation normally goes at the end = of the=20 sentence, before the punctuation. It is possible to cite = differently.=20 For example:
=95 Accurate scholarship is essential to a = thoroughly=20 research paper (Bird, 2007).
=95 According to Bird (2007), = accurate=20 scholarship is essential to a thoroughly researched paper. =
=95 When=20 quoting specifically from the author, page numbers are = necessary:
=95=20 Lile (2007) stated, =93Vocabulary development in preschool = children is=20 directly related to their use of causal connections=94 (p. 43). =
=95=20 According to Lile (2007), =93Vocabulary development in preschool = children=20 is directly related to their use of causal connections=94 (p. = 43).
=95=20 If the author=92s name is not stated in the beginning, then the=20 information goes directly after the quotation:
=95 She = stated,=20 =93Vocabulary development in preschool children is directly = related to=20 their use of causal connections=94 (Lile, 2007, p. 43), but she = didn=92t=20 explain why.

=95 Normally, in APA style papers, footnotes aren=92t as = common as=20 in-text citation. Footnotes are utilized, however, in order to = further=20 describe a certain aspect within the paper. The footnote should = not be=20 extremely long, or further complicate the matter. It should = explain the=20 material and strengthen the discussion.

=95 The reference section of a paper must be in alphabetical = order,=20 with a hanging 0.5=94 indent. An example of a reference with a = hanging=20 indent is shown below.
=95 Periodical (newspaper, journal) = =96
=95=20 Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, =
volume=20 number(issue number), page-pages.
=95 Non-periodical (book = chapter) =96=20
=95 Author, A. A. (year). Title of chapter. Title of book = (pp.=20
xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
=95 Online periodical =96 =
=95=20 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title =
of=20 article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number = if=20 available). Retrieved month, day, year from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/fullurl
=95 Online scholarly = journal=20 article =96
=95 Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Date of = publication).=20 Title
of Journal, volume number. Retrieved month, day, year = from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/full/url.
=95 Non-periodical web = document=20 or web page =96
=95 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date = of=20 publication). Title
of document. Retrieved month, day, year = from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/full/url.

The Fair Use Policy: U.S. Copyright Act of = 1976,=20 Section 107
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and = 106A, the=20 fair use of copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction = in=20 copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that = section,=20 for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, = teaching=20 (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or = research,=20 is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the = use made=20 of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be = considered shall include:

1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether = such use=20 is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational = purposes;=20
2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
3. the amount and = substantiality of the portion used in relation to the = copyrighted work=20 as a whole; &
4. the effect of the use upon the = potential market=20 for or value of the copyrighted work.

ICS believes in the assertion of Fair Use by scholars, and = considers=20 the use of quotations and proper citation of texts to be = appropriate=20 examples of Fair Use. If necessary, ICS encourages authors to = obtain=20 permission for the reproduction of materials already produced by = others=20 but finds these steps unnecessary in cases in where the use of = materials=20 falls under the Fair Use Act.

Language: Below is a reference for common grammatical = problems. We=20 hope you will use this checklist as you edit your manuscript = prior to=20 submission.

=95 Clarity
=95 Wordiness: When the meaning of a sentence = can be=20 conveyed using fewer words, it is too wordy. Check to see if you = are=20 using words that carry the same meaning in a sentence, or if = there are=20 any words you can cross out without losing the meaning.
=95 = Parallel=20 grammatical form should always be used in separate parts of a = sentence.=20 For example:
=95 Incorrect: Students were asked which = activity was=20 most fun: cycling, weight-lifting, or the treadmill.
=95 = Correct:=20 Students were asked which activity was most fun: cycling,=20 weight-lifting, or running on the treadmill.
=95 Dangling = modifiers do=20 not logically refer to any word in the sentence. For example: =
=95=20 Looking into my rearview mirror, storm clouds filled the sky. =
This=20 sentence suggests that the storm clouds looked into the mirror. = Dangling=20 modifiers can be repaired by either naming the actor after the=20 introductory phrase or naming the actor in the introductory = phrase:=20
=95 Looking into my rearview mirror, I saw storm clouds. =
=95 As I=20 looked into my rearview mirror, storm clouds filled the sky. =
=95=20 Combine choppy sentences using words such as: after, although, = because,=20 before, if, since, that, unless, until, when, where, which, and = who=20 which can turn ideas into subordinate clauses. Short sentences = can also=20 be combined using and, but, or or.
=95 Grammar
=95 = Subject-Verb=20 agreement: word groups that modify the subject can often cause = confusion=20 when they contain nouns. Isolate the subject by mentally = crossing out=20 these modifiers, so that the verb will agree with the correct = noun. For=20 example:
=95 The children in the playground are having fun. =
=95 50%=20 of the subjects in the interest group are over 25 years old. =
=95=20 Articles: Use a or an with singular nouns when the specific = identity is=20 not known to the reader.
=95 A dog ran through the yard. =
=95 Use the=20 when the specific identity is know to the reader.
=95 The = dog is=20 eating his food.
=95 Do not use a, an, or the for non-count = nouns=20 meaning =91all=92 or =91in general,=92 or for plural nouns. = Commonly used=20 non-count nouns include food, substances, abstract nouns, and = areas of=20 study.

APA: Using Unbiased Language
=95 =93APA as an = organization is=20 committed both to science and to the fair treatment of = individuals and=20 groups, =85[and] authors of journal articles are required to = avoid writing=20 in a manner that reinforces questionable attitudes and = assumptions about=20 people=94 (APA, 1983, p. 43).
=95 Cultural Relativism: It is = important=20 to avoid using biased language in terms of race, ethnicity, = gender,=20 disability, and sexuality. APA endorses the concept of cultural=20 relativism which is an approach that takes into consideration = that the=20 self-designations of a people-group are just as relevant as the=20 designations of outside groups.
=95 Demographic Information: = When=20 discussing a human sample in conducted research, it is important = to=20 include demographic information. Such information as = race/ethnicity,=20 gender, age, etc. can be important variables in social and = behavioral=20 sciences, and must be included in research. In addition, there = may be=20 other variables that arise, given the precise situation and = group one is=20 studying.
=95 Specific Terminology: Following the = self-designations of=20 a people-group, it is important to be as specific as possible. = APA=20 provides the following examples: =93Choctaws is more specific = than=20 American Indians; Cuban is more specific than Hispanic=94 (APA, = 1983, p.=20 43).
=95 See the APA style website at www.apastyle.org for = more=20 guidelines.

Suggested APA References
=95 Purdue Writing = Center=92s APA=20 Help Pages: =
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
=95=20 University of Wisconsin-Madison=92s APA Pages:=20
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html
=95 = Style website=20 of the American Psychological Association: =
http://www.apastyle.org=20
=95 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological = Association,=20 5th = edition.

Formatting Submissions	=95 Manuscripts = should be in the=20 most recent edition of Microsoft Word possible. If you do not = have=20 access to Microsoft Word, we will consider accepting papers = formatted as=20 HTML or PDF files. =95 APA style: Authors should prepare = manuscripts=20 according to the Publication Manual of the American = Psychological=20 Association, 5th Edition. All copies must be double-spaced. = Please=20 follow all instructions for typing and for the formatting of = tables,=20 figures, references, metrics, and abstracts provided in the = Publication=20 Manual. Manuscripts that do not conform to these standards will = not be=20 accepted. =95 A separate title page listing all of the = authors, their=20 contact information, and a brief biography (title, highest = degree=20 earned, degree granting institution, current = institution/affiliation)=20 should be included with each copy of the manuscript. =95 = Footnotes and=20 tables/graphs/pictures: Please format all figures in HTML. All=20 footnotes, tables, graphs, pictures, etc. should be included at = the end=20 of the piece. =95 References should be cited according to the = most=20 recent APA guidelines. (See examples provided.) =95 = Manuscripts may be=20 copyedited for bias-free language. (See explanation).
Appendices	Requirements for Publication = =95=20 Submitting a manuscript to ICS means that you agree not to = submit the=20 same paper concurrently to another publication. =95 All = references and=20 citations will be checked upon acceptance.
The Process of Publication	=95 Accepted pieces = will be=20 published in the next issue of ICS. =95 ICS generally = publishes 2=20 issues per volume, and 1 volume per year. =95 Because ICS is = funded by=20 IAICS membership fees, membership in the association is a = requirement=20 for publication.
APA Style Checklist	If the article being submitted is theoretical in nature, = it=20 should broadly follow APA organizational methods(abstract, = headings,=20 references, etc.). Theoretical papers, essays and commentaries = should=20 leave out the methods and results sections. Instead, appropriate = headings and subheadings should be used depending on the=20 methodology/argument. An introduction describing the area of = study and=20 background information should be included, along with headings = relevant=20 to the article. However, if the paper describes empirical research, it must = follow=20 APA format and be organized into the following sections: = abstract,=20 introduction, methods, results, discussion and references. =95 The abstract is normally a paragraph consisting of a = brief overview=20 of the study, including information from the introduction and = the=20 results. =95 The introduction explains the background of the = study at=20 hand, including previous research related to the study. This = information=20 gives the reader a better understanding of why the current study = is=20 being conducted, as well as a background of the information = itself.=20 =95 The methods section describes the data collection = process, and=20 consists of three different parts: participants, procedure, and=20 apparatus (if applicable). The participants subsection describes = the=20 population being studied, the statistics of the group (ages, = percent=20 male and female, etc). The procedure subsection introduces = measures used=20 during the study and describes how these measures are utilized. = For=20 example, a study may use behavioral assessments and tests of = children=92s=20 vocabulary ability. If this is the case, each assessment should = be=20 introduced and explained. The apparatus subsection describes any = type of=20 equipment used within the study. =95 The results section = describes in=20 detail the outcome of the study. Quantitative research should = include=20 effect size and statistical significance. This section normally = consists=20 of statistics, percentages, and mean scores, giving a specific = account=20 of the outcome of the assessments (or any other measures used). = =95=20 The discussion section takes the information from the results = section=20 and explains how and why it is important, as well as what future = implications the study may have. This can extend to general = principles,=20 or it may be something extremely specific. The study may also = provide=20 the necessity for future research in the field. =95 The = reference=20 section takes all works that were cited within the paper and = puts them=20 in alphabetical order, according to a specific format defined by = APA.=20 This will be further explained next.
References	=95 Citation throughout a paper includes the author=92s = last name and=20 the year of publication. The citation normally goes at the end = of the=20 sentence, before the punctuation. It is possible to cite = differently.=20 For example: =95 Accurate scholarship is essential to a = thoroughly=20 research paper (Bird, 2007). =95 According to Bird (2007), = accurate=20 scholarship is essential to a thoroughly researched paper. = =95 When=20 quoting specifically from the author, page numbers are = necessary: =95=20 Lile (2007) stated, =93Vocabulary development in preschool = children is=20 directly related to their use of causal connections=94 (p. 43). = =95=20 According to Lile (2007), =93Vocabulary development in preschool = children=20 is directly related to their use of causal connections=94 (p. = 43). =95=20 If the author=92s name is not stated in the beginning, then the=20 information goes directly after the quotation: =95 She = stated,=20 =93Vocabulary development in preschool children is directly = related to=20 their use of causal connections=94 (Lile, 2007, p. 43), but she = didn=92t=20 explain why. =95 Normally, in APA style papers, footnotes aren=92t as = common as=20 in-text citation. Footnotes are utilized, however, in order to = further=20 describe a certain aspect within the paper. The footnote should = not be=20 extremely long, or further complicate the matter. It should = explain the=20 material and strengthen the discussion. =95 The reference section of a paper must be in alphabetical = order,=20 with a hanging 0.5=94 indent. An example of a reference with a = hanging=20 indent is shown below. =95 Periodical (newspaper, journal) = =96 =95=20 Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, = volume=20 number(issue number), page-pages. =95 Non-periodical (book = chapter) =96=20 =95 Author, A. A. (year). Title of chapter. Title of book = (pp.=20 xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. =95 Online periodical =96 = =95=20 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title = of=20 article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number = if=20 available). Retrieved month, day, year from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/fullurl =95 Online scholarly = journal=20 article =96 =95 Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Date of = publication).=20 Title of Journal, volume number. Retrieved month, day, year = from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/full/url. =95 Non-periodical web = document=20 or web page =96 =95 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date = of=20 publication). Title of document. Retrieved month, day, year = from=20 http://www.someaddress.com/full/url.
The Fair Use Policy: U.S. Copyright Act of = 1976,=20 Section 107	Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and = 106A, the=20 fair use of copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction = in=20 copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that = section,=20 for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, = teaching=20 (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or = research,=20 is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the = use made=20 of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be = considered shall include: 1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether = such use=20 is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational = purposes;=20 2. the nature of the copyrighted work; 3. the amount and = substantiality of the portion used in relation to the = copyrighted work=20 as a whole; & 4. the effect of the use upon the = potential market=20 for or value of the copyrighted work. ICS believes in the assertion of Fair Use by scholars, and = considers=20 the use of quotations and proper citation of texts to be = appropriate=20 examples of Fair Use. If necessary, ICS encourages authors to = obtain=20 permission for the reproduction of materials already produced by = others=20 but finds these steps unnecessary in cases in where the use of = materials=20 falls under the Fair Use Act. Language: Below is a reference for common grammatical = problems. We=20 hope you will use this checklist as you edit your manuscript = prior to=20 submission. =95 Clarity =95 Wordiness: When the meaning of a sentence = can be=20 conveyed using fewer words, it is too wordy. Check to see if you = are=20 using words that carry the same meaning in a sentence, or if = there are=20 any words you can cross out without losing the meaning. =95 = Parallel=20 grammatical form should always be used in separate parts of a = sentence.=20 For example: =95 Incorrect: Students were asked which = activity was=20 most fun: cycling, weight-lifting, or the treadmill. =95 = Correct:=20 Students were asked which activity was most fun: cycling,=20 weight-lifting, or running on the treadmill. =95 Dangling = modifiers do=20 not logically refer to any word in the sentence. For example: = =95=20 Looking into my rearview mirror, storm clouds filled the sky. = This=20 sentence suggests that the storm clouds looked into the mirror. = Dangling=20 modifiers can be repaired by either naming the actor after the=20 introductory phrase or naming the actor in the introductory = phrase:=20 =95 Looking into my rearview mirror, I saw storm clouds. = =95 As I=20 looked into my rearview mirror, storm clouds filled the sky. = =95=20 Combine choppy sentences using words such as: after, although, = because,=20 before, if, since, that, unless, until, when, where, which, and = who=20 which can turn ideas into subordinate clauses. Short sentences = can also=20 be combined using and, but, or or. =95 Grammar =95 = Subject-Verb=20 agreement: word groups that modify the subject can often cause = confusion=20 when they contain nouns. Isolate the subject by mentally = crossing out=20 these modifiers, so that the verb will agree with the correct = noun. For=20 example: =95 The children in the playground are having fun. = =95 50%=20 of the subjects in the interest group are over 25 years old. = =95=20 Articles: Use a or an with singular nouns when the specific = identity is=20 not known to the reader. =95 A dog ran through the yard. = =95 Use the=20 when the specific identity is know to the reader. =95 The = dog is=20 eating his food. =95 Do not use a, an, or the for non-count = nouns=20 meaning =91all=92 or =91in general,=92 or for plural nouns. = Commonly used=20 non-count nouns include food, substances, abstract nouns, and = areas of=20 study.
APA: Using Unbiased Language	=95 =93APA as an = organization is=20 committed both to science and to the fair treatment of = individuals and=20 groups, =85[and] authors of journal articles are required to = avoid writing=20 in a manner that reinforces questionable attitudes and = assumptions about=20 people=94 (APA, 1983, p. 43). =95 Cultural Relativism: It is = important=20 to avoid using biased language in terms of race, ethnicity, = gender,=20 disability, and sexuality. APA endorses the concept of cultural=20 relativism which is an approach that takes into consideration = that the=20 self-designations of a people-group are just as relevant as the=20 designations of outside groups. =95 Demographic Information: = When=20 discussing a human sample in conducted research, it is important = to=20 include demographic information. Such information as = race/ethnicity,=20 gender, age, etc. can be important variables in social and = behavioral=20 sciences, and must be included in research. In addition, there = may be=20 other variables that arise, given the precise situation and = group one is=20 studying. =95 Specific Terminology: Following the = self-designations of=20 a people-group, it is important to be as specific as possible. = APA=20 provides the following examples: =93Choctaws is more specific = than=20 American Indians; Cuban is more specific than Hispanic=94 (APA, = 1983, p.=20 43). =95 See the APA style website at www.apastyle.org for = more=20 guidelines.
Suggested APA References	=95 Purdue Writing = Center=92s APA=20 Help Pages: = http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ =95=20 University of Wisconsin-Madison=92s APA Pages:=20 http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html =95 = Style website=20 of the American Psychological Association: = http://www.apastyle.org=20 =95 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological = Association,=20 5th = edition.