Primary Sources

  • Orlando, I. J. (1961). The dynamic nurse-patient relationship: Function, process and principles. New York: C. P. Putnam's Sons. [Reprinted 1990. New York: National League for Nursing] Orlando presents the elements of her theory of nursing as a deliberative process that can identify and meet the patient's immediate need for help. In the Preface to the1990 edition, she explains the background of her work. In the Foreword of the1990 edition, Schmieding points out that Orlando's work was a major force in shifting nurses' focus from medical diagnosis to the patient's immediate need for help.

  • Orlando, I. J. (1962). Function, process and principle of professional nursing practice. In Integration of mental health concepts in the human relations professions. New York: Bank Street College of Education.
    Orlando discusses her approach to identifying the patient's immediate needs for help. This chapter is an overview of the content of Orlando's book, The Dynamic Nurse- Patient Relationship.


  • Orlando, I. J. (1972). The discipline and teaching of nursing process. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Orlando reports the findings of her study of the application of her theory in a psychiatric hospital. She elaborates on the theory and fully explains the elements of the deliberative nursing process/nursing process discipline.



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