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Rhode
Island Apple IPM
2005
- Current Pest Report -
Visual Observations
Tree stage for McIntosh
(Greenville area)
4/5/05- Silver tip
4/10/05 - Green tip
4/18/05 - Half inch green
4/22/05 - Tight cluster
4/29/05 - Pink
5/5/05 - King bloom
5/11/05 - Full Bloom
5/17/05 - Petal Fall (Petal Fall in Newport County is 5/27/05)
Visual
Observations
6/10/05 - This hot, dry weather we have
been experiencing is great for controlling apple scab and also
for bringing out overwintering
plum curculio. Orchard Radar predicts that all of the overwintering
plum curculio should emerge by June 13 in Greenville and June
20 in Newport. This means you should have insecticide coverage
through that date to control all overwintering plum curculio.
Since Imidan and Guthion last 10-14 days, your final plum curculio
insecticide
application needed to be made no sooner than May 31 in Greenville
and June 6 in Newport. If you don't have insecticide coverage
through the end of plum curculio emergence, plum curculio will
continue to feed
and lay eggs in fruit.Of course, these models are estimates and
predictions, but they can be a useful tool when making a decision
to spray. It is best to scout in your orchard and look for fresh
plum curculio egg laying scars. The fresh scars are mushroom shape
and often have an orange tinge to them. There is no tan callus
tissue associated with newly made egg laying scars.
-It is definitely too late to control first generation leafminer
mines. If you now see too may mines from the upper leaf surface,
consider applying Provado around July 10 in Greenville orchards
(July 14 in Newport orchards) to control the second generation
mines.
- Orchard Radar predicts that San Jose scale crawlers will start
emerging June 21 in Greenville and June 26 in Newport. If you
found the red spots on fruit last year, consider treating for
San Jose scale this year. It is most effective to apply an insecticide
at first crawler emergence and again at peak emergence, about
10 days later. The insecticide Esteem works quite well against
SJS. It works even better if you include a highly refined summer
oil at 1 quart/100 gallons of finished spray mix. Imidan, Guthion,
and Provado will also control SJS.
- Be sure to be at Sweet Berry Farm for the third and final twilight
meeting for 2005. See the Meetings
page for directions.
6/5/05 -
I hope you all applied an insecticide before this
hot weather. Plum curculio should have been very active this weekend.
Hopefully it will continue to stay warm and so end plum curculio
quickly. According to Orchard Radar, plum curculio emergence should
end June 17 in the Greenville area and June 19 in the Newport
area. This means that you need insecticide coverage up to that
date. Since insecticide applications generally lasts 14 days,
you need to apply an inseciticide up till June 3 in Greenville
or June 6 in Newport. This is assuming we get less than 2 inches
of rain over the next two weeks. Does this make sense? Take a
look at the plum curculio tables of Orchard Radar. Here's a direct
link to the plum curculio table for Greenville and
here's a direct link to Newport's PC
table.
- We are at the end of primary scab season. But
since we had such wet weather the week of May 22, I think you
should keep all apple trees protected with fungicide for another
week. Scab lesions from that wet week should just becoming visible
now.
This
time of
year it takes 10-14 days for scab lesions to
become visible. If you are finding scab
in your orchard, apply Sovran, Flint, Syllit or Captan at full
rates. Repeat the application in 5-7 days. Hot, dry weather is
the best medicine for burning out scab. Let's hope this weather
continues for a while longer.
- Leaf miner mines are visible from the lower leaf surface of
fruit cluster leaves now. If you find 13 mines out of 100 fruit
cluster leaves, consider applying Provado or Calypso now. Very
soon it will be too late to spray these chemicals and kill the
larvae in the mines. It may already be too late. If you can see
more than 10% of the mines from the upper leaf surface, it is
probably too late to spray and you should wait and try to control
the second generation in July.
- Red mites do not seem to be a problem now in any orchard I've
checked. Red mites have begun laying eggs for the summer generations.
5/27/05 - I'm sorry I've
been so bad about keeping this up-to-date. I didn't know my life
could get this crazy! The biggest concern is certainly apple scab.
I hope everyone applied a fungicide today (5/27) or you will tomorrow.
I did find apple scab lesions in 2 orchards on Monday May 23.
That
was
before
all
this
wet weather
really
started!
I'm
very
concerned about scab in any orchards where scab lesions are already
visible. Look now for scab lesions. On Monday I was finding them
on fruit cluster leaves. If you do find scab, use full rates of
Captan or Syllit or Flint or Sovran. Repeat the application in
about 5 days. If this wet weather continues it will be extremely
difficult to burn out scab.
- I'm not very concerned about insects so far. If you already
applied an insecticide at petal fall, you can probably wait to
make your first cover insecticide application. You can probably
wait until the weather is expected to reach the upper 70's. We
may
get some
plum curculio activity this weekend, especially if
we
get
warm (60-70 degree) evening showers. Sevin applied for thinning
will also provide some plum curculio protection. If you haven't
applied an insecticide since bloom, consider applying an insecticide
soon. European apple sawfly could be in your orchard and need
controlling. (A petal fall insecticide would have controlled any
European apple sawfly).
-
Newport
County
apple trees appears
to
be 7-10 days
behind the
trees in Greenville.
- Be sure to check orchard radar for predictions on what's to
come. There is also information on thinning. For apples growing
Providence and Kent County look at the Greenville
Site. For orhards
in South County and Newport County, look at the Newport
site.
5/7/05 - Today's wet weather is certainly an important
apple scab infection period. We are at peak apple scab maturity,
so there are a lot of spores out there ready to infect. If your
trees were not well protected before todays storm (if a fungicide
had not been applied within the last 6 days) plan to spray Rubigan,
Nova, Flint or Sovran as soon as possible after the rain stops.
I repeat, this is a major infection period!
5/2/05 - We did have our third apple scab infection period on
Saturday, April 30 into Sunday May 1. According to Orchard Radar
predictions, we could start seeing apple scab lesions around May
12. These lesions would be from the first apple scab infection
period on April 23. It takes from 9-17 days to begin seeing apple
scab lesions, depending on the weather. (That' where Orchard Radar
is so helpful - it keeps track of the weather and then uses developed
models to make predictions. It's another tool to help in decision
making!)
- I hope to look for some hatched European red mite eggs today.
They should have started to hatch. It is probably still beneficial
to apply dormant oil, but reduce rates to 1 gal of oil to 100
gal
of water. Oil is very effective against eggs that are just about
to hatch, but not very effective against the nymphs once they
have hatched. It takes a week or so for all the eggs to hatch,
so there are probably still plenty of eggs to smother.
- Many peach growers have had trouble with Oriental Fruit Moth.
According to Orchard Radar, the time to treat for first generation
Oriental fruit moth larvae is May 23rd.
4/29/05 - We had an apple
scab infection period on Wednesday, April27, and will probably
have our third apple scab infection
period on Saturday, April 30th. Now is not the time to miss applying
fungicides. We have entering peak apple scab season! If you feel
your trees have not been well protected before an infection period,
apply a fungicide with kickback, such as Rubigan, Nova, Sovran
or Flint.
- Orchard Radar is up and running! Check out many models about
apple scab and insects using SkyBit weather data. You can view
Orchard Radar for the Providence
County and Newport County.
- I recorded a pest message this week and hope to update the recorded
message each Friday. You can call the message anytime at 949-1456.
- I've only seen one larva of the winter moth or green pug moth
this spring, but I haven't been out looking much at all. Check
your trees now for chewed holes in buds. Apply Imidan if you see
much damage. Imidan will also help control tarnished plant bugs,
which occassionally occur in high enough numbers to require an
insecticide.
- Orchard Radar predicts European red mite eggs to begin hatching
on May 1st. Dormant oil applications work best when applied before
many mite eggs have hatched. Apply dormant oil soon!
4/24/05 - The wet weather of 4/23 & 4/24
is causing the season's first apple scab infection period. I hope
everyone applied a fungicide
before the rain. If you did not, apply Rubigan, Nova, Procure,
Flint or Sovran as soon as possible. Be sure to mix one of these
fungicides with a protectant fungicide such as Polyram, Manzate,
or Syllit.
- I have seen only one small larva that could have been a winter
moth or green pug larva. Hopefully these pests won't be a problem
this year.
- I did find a few leafminer stuck on red sticky traps attached to apple
tree
trunks. I have traps set up in only 3 orchards. The traps can be deceiving.
If there is good, calm weather in the spring, even small
populations of leafminers can lay many eggs. The opposite is also true.
If we have
a lot of cool, rainy weather, even a rather large population of leafminer
(say 30 per trap) can't lay many eggs. Last weeks good weather would have
favored leafminer survival. We usually start finding leafminer eggs around
the tight cluster bud stage.
4/19/05 - MacIntosh
trees are at half inch green to tight cluster.
When we do get rain, spores will be released and cause a possible
apple scab infection period. It's recommended to apply fungicide
before the rain.
Along with the fungicide, apply dormant oil at 1 1/2 gallons of oil per 100
gallons of water to control red mite eggs.
- There could be problems with winter moth this year. Check your
buds for small holes and small caterpillars. Spray with Imidan
if you find more than a few larvae.
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