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Ida Jean Orlando, a
first-generation American of Italian descent was
born in 1926. She received her nursing diploma
from New York Medical College, Lower Fifth Avenue
Hospital, School of Nursing, her BS in public
health nursing from St. John's University,
Brooklyn, NY, and her MA in mental health nursing
from Teachers College, Columbia University, New
York. Orlando was an Associate Professor at Yale
School of Nursing where she was Director of the
Graduate Program in Mental Health Psychiatric
Nursing. While at Yale she was project
investigator of a National Institute of Mental
Health grant entitled: Integration of Mental
Health Concepts in a Basic Nursing Curriculum. It
was from this research that Orlando developed her
theory which was published in her 1961 book,
The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship. She
furthered the development of her theory when at
McLean Hospital in Belmont, MA as Director of a
Research Project: Two Systems of Nursing in a
Psychiatric Hospital. The results of this research
are contained in her 1972 book titled: The
Discipline and Teaching of Nursing Processs.
Orlando held various positions in the Boston area,
was a board member of Harvard Community Health
Plan, and served as both a national and
international consultant. She is a frequent
lecturer and conducted numerous seminars on
nursing process. She is married to Robert
Pelletier and lives in the Boston area.
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Orlando's theory was developed in
the late 1950s from observations she recorded
between a nurse and patient. Despite her
efforts, she was only able to categorize the
records as "good" or "bad" nursing. It then
dawned on her that both the formulations for
"good" and "bad" nursing were contained in the
records. From these observations she formulated
the deliberative nursing process. The role of
the nurse is to find out and meet the patient's
immediate need for help. The patient's
presenting behavior may be a plea for help,
however, the help needed may not be what it
appears to be. Therefore, nurses need to use
their perception, thoughts about the perception,
or the feeling engendered from their thoughts to
explore with patients the meaning of their
behavior. This process helps the nurse find out
the nature of the distress and what help the
patient needs. Orlando's theory remains one the
of the most effective practice theories
available. The use of her theory keeps the
nurse's focus on the patient. The strength of
the theory is that it is clear, concise, and
easy to use. While providing the overall
framework for nursing, the use of her theory
does not exclude nurses from using other
theories while caring for the
patient. | | | | | |
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